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Browsing named entities in Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, books 8-10 (ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D.).

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335 BC (search for this): book 9, chapter 18
the Roman nobles not one would have dared to lift up his voice against him, although in Athens, a city crushed by the arms of Macedonia, at the very moment when men had before their eyes the reeking ruins of the neighbouring Thebes, they dared inveigh against him freely, as witness the records of their speeches.An allusion, more rhetorical than exact, to the famous Philippics of Demosthenes, the latest of which was probably delivered some six years before the destruction of Thebes in 335 B.C. however imposing the greatness of the man may appear to us, still this greatness will be that of one man only, and the fruits of little more than ten years of success. those who magnify it for this reason, that the Roman People, albeit never in any war, have yet suffered defeat in a number of battles, whereas Alexander's fortune was never aught but prosperous in any battle, fail to perceive that they are comparing the achievements of a man —and a young man too —with those of a pe
323 BC (search for this): book 9, chapter 18
—with those of a people that was now in its four hundredth year of warfare. should it occasion us surprise if, seeing that upon the one side are counted more generations than are years upon the other,If we reckon the saeculum or generation at thirtythree years, the Rome of Alexander's time would have endured a little over thirteen saecula. Livy says that people are really comparing these thirteen generations with the thirteen years of Alexander's (effective) life, i.e. his reign (336-323 B.C.). fortune should have varied moreB.C. 319 in that long time than in a life of thirteen years? why not compare a man's fortune with a man's, and a general's with a general's? How many Roman generals could I name who never suffered a reverse in battle! in our annals and lists of magistrates you may run through pages of consuls and dictators of whom it never on any day repented the Roman People, whether of their generalship or fortune. and what makes them more wonderful than Alexan
509 BC (search for this): book 9, chapter 19
s it were to the men's quarters (andronitin); whereas the Macedonian had gone to the Persians, as to the quarters of the women (gynaeconitin). indeed when I remember that we contended against the Carthaginians on the seas for four —andtwenty years, I think that the whole life of AlexanderB.C. 319 would hardly have sufficed for this single war; and perchance, inasmuch as the Punic State had been by ancient treaties leagued with the Roman,The earliest treaty was said to have been made in 509 B.C. (Livy does not mention it, but Polybius does, at III. xxii.); and another in 348. See vii. xxvii. 2, and note. and the two cities most powerful in men and arms might well have made common cause against the foe whom both dreaded, he had been crushed beneath the simultaneous attacks of Rome and Carthage. The Romans have been at war with the Macedonians —not, to be sure, when Alexander led them or their prosperity was unimpaired, but against Antiochus, Philippus, and Perses —and not only<
459 BC (search for this): book 9, chapter 19
it remains to compare the forces on both sides, whether for numbers, or types of soldiers, or size of their contingents of auxiliaries. The quinquennial enumerations of that period put the population at 250,000.In the last census which Livy had recorded (459 B.C.) were enrolled 117,321 persons (III. xxiv. 10). Livy seems to have consulted the records of the censors, at least occasionally. And so at the time when all the Latin allies were in revoltOr possibly: at every revolt of the Latin allies. it was the custom to enroll ten legions, by a levy which was virtually limited to the City. in those years frequently four and five armies at a time would take the field, in Etruria, in Umbria (where they also fought the Gauls), in Samnium, and in Lucania. later on Alexander would have found all Latium, with the Sabines, the Volsci and the Aequi, all Campania, and a portion of Umbria and Etruria, the Picentes and the Marsi and Paeligni, the Vestini and the Apulians, toge
307 BC (search for this): book 10, chapter 19
his former consulship, at all events in its early months, he had been incapable of opening his mouth, but was now delivering popular orations. — how I could wish, exclaimed Volumnius, that you might rather have learnt from me to act with vigour than that I should have learnt to speak cleverly from you! in conclusion he proposed a compact which would determine, not which was the better orator —for this was not what the republic wanted —but the better general.In their former consulship (307 B.C.) Volumnius had conducted a successful campaign against the Sallentini, while Appius had been left in Rome without any military command. see ix. xlii. 4-5. Etruria and Samnium were the nations to be conquered; let Appius choose which he liked; with his own army he would campaign either in Etruria or in Samnium. then the soldiers began to cry out that both should undertake the Etruscan war together. perceivingB.C. 296 them to be of one mind in this, Volumnius said, since I er<
391 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 20
which was thrown down to release the chariots at the start of the race. The war with Privernum was not yet out of the way, when there came an alarming report of a Gallic rising, a warning which the senate almost never disregarded. accordingly, without a moment's hesitation, the new consuls, Lucius Aemilius Mamercinus and Gaius Plautius, were directed, on the very day on which they entered office —the Kalends of JulyJuly 1st was the normal day for beginning the official year from 391 B.C. to 153 B.C., when it was changed to January 1st. —to divide the commands between them, and Mamercinus, to whom the Gallic war had fallen, was bidden to enlist an army without granting a single exemption; indeed it is said that a rabble of craftsmen even, and sedentary mechanics, was called out —a type the least qualified of all for military service. An enormous army was brought together at Veii, which was to be the base for the campaign against the Gauls; further afield they wou<
153 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 20
hrown down to release the chariots at the start of the race. The war with Privernum was not yet out of the way, when there came an alarming report of a Gallic rising, a warning which the senate almost never disregarded. accordingly, without a moment's hesitation, the new consuls, Lucius Aemilius Mamercinus and Gaius Plautius, were directed, on the very day on which they entered office —the Kalends of JulyJuly 1st was the normal day for beginning the official year from 391 B.C. to 153 B.C., when it was changed to January 1st. —to divide the commands between them, and Mamercinus, to whom the Gallic war had fallen, was bidden to enlist an army without granting a single exemption; indeed it is said that a rabble of craftsmen even, and sedentary mechanics, was called out —a type the least qualified of all for military service. An enormous army was brought together at Veii, which was to be the base for the campaign against the Gauls; further afield they would not go, l<
331 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 24
it is recorded that in that same yearB.C. 326 Alexandria in Egypt was founded, and that Alexander, king of Epirus, being murdered by a Lucanian exile, fulfilled by his death the oracle of Jupiter at Dodona.The founding of Alexandria and the death of Alexander of Epirus are placed five years too late. they occurred in 332 or 331 B.C. on his being summoned to Italy by the Tarentines, the oracle had warned him to beware of the Acherusian water and the city Pandosia, for there he was destined to end his days. on this account he had passed over with the more speed into Italy, that he might be as far removed as possible from the city of Pandosia in Epirus and from the river Acheron, which, debouching from Molossis into the Infernal Marshes,The name was doubtless due to the association of the Acheron in Epirus with the Acheron of the lower world. discharges its waters into the Thesprotian Gulf. but, as generally happens, in seeking to escape his doom he ran full upon i
399 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 25
a lectisternium, the fifth since the founding of the City, was held this year, to propitiate the same deities as before.The first of these banquets for the gods took place in 399 B.C., the others in 392, 364, and 348. then the new consuls, having sent fetials, as commanded by the people, to declare war on the Samnites, not only began themselves to make ready for it, on a much greater scale in every respect than they had done against the Greeks, but received new and at that time quite unlooked for help. for the Lucanians and Apulians, nations which until then had had no dealings with the Roman People, put themselves under their protection and promised arms and men for the war, and were accordingly received into a treaty of friendship. at the same time, the Romans conducted a successful campaign in Samnium. three towns —Allifae, Callifae, and Rufrium —fell into their hands, and the rest of the country was devastated far and wide at the first coming of the consuls.
339 BC (search for this): book 9, chapter 26
these accusations by reason of our innocence, not by reason of the awe inspired by our office. he then resigned as dictator, and so at once did Folius as master of the horse. they were the first to go to trial before the consuls —for toB.C. 314 these the senate had given the matter in charge — and, against the testimony of the nobles, were gloriously acquitted. Publilius Philo, too, after all his famous achievements at home and in war, and after having repeatedly held the highest offices, had incurred the hate of the nobility, and was brought to trial and acquitted.In 339 B.C. Philo had proposed three democratic laws, which won him the enmity of the patricians. see viii. xii. 14-16. but the inquisition, as often happens, had the vigour to deal with illustrious defendants no longer than while its novelty lasted; after that it began to descend to the baser sort, until it was finally put down by the cabals and factions which it had been instituted to oppose.
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