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Browsing named entities in J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge, M. Grant Daniell, Commentary on Caesar's Gallic War.

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58 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
The Campaigns in Gaul. The campaigns of Caesar in Gaul lasted through eight seasons (B. C. 58-51.), and are told in eight books, — the last written by Hirtius, an officer of Caesar, — each book containing the operations of a single year. The following is a brief outline: Book I. B. C. 58. Caesar checks the attempt of the Helvetians to settle in Western Gaul, and, after a bloody defeat, forces the remnant to return to their own territory. He then engages with a powerful B. C. 58. Caesar checks the attempt of the Helvetians to settle in Western Gaul, and, after a bloody defeat, forces the remnant to return to their own territory. He then engages with a powerful tribe of Germans, who had made a military settlement in Eastern Gaul, and drives them, with their chief, Ariovistus, back across the Rhine. Book II. B. C. 57. A formidable confederacy of the northern populations of Gaul is suppressed, with the almost complete extermination of the bravest Belgian tribe, the Nervii, in a battle which seems to have been one of the most desperate of all that Caesar ever fought. In this campaign the coast towns of the west and northwest (Brittany) also a
57 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
rtius, an officer of Caesar, — each book containing the operations of a single year. The following is a brief outline: Book I. B. C. 58. Caesar checks the attempt of the Helvetians to settle in Western Gaul, and, after a bloody defeat, forces the remnant to return to their own territory. He then engages with a powerful tribe of Germans, who had made a military settlement in Eastern Gaul, and drives them, with their chief, Ariovistus, back across the Rhine. Book II. B. C. 57. A formidable confederacy of the northern populations of Gaul is suppressed, with the almost complete extermination of the bravest Belgian tribe, the Nervii, in a battle which seems to have been one of the most desperate of all that Caesar ever fought. In this campaign the coast towns of the west and northwest (Brittany) also are reduced to submission. Book III. B. C. 56. After a brief conflict with the mountaineers of the Alps, who attacked the Roman armies on their march, the
55 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
Book III. B. C. 56. After a brief conflict with the mountaineers of the Alps, who attacked the Roman armies on their march, the chief operations are the conquest of the coast tribes of Brittany (Veneti, etc.), in a warfare of curious naval engineering in the shallow tidewater inlets and among the rocky shores. During the season, the tribes of the southwest (Aquitani), a mining population, allied to the Iberians or Basques, are reduced by one of Caesar's officers. Book IV. B. C. 55. An inroad of the Germans into Northern Gaul is repulsed, and Caesar follows them by a bridge of timber hastily built across the Rhine. Returning, he crosses to Britain in the early autumn for a visit of exploration. Book V. B. C. 54. The partial conquest of Britain (second invasion) is followed by various movements in Northern Gaul, in which the desperate condition of the Roman garrisons is relieved after serious losses by the prudent and brave conduct of Labienus and Q
54 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
ing in the shallow tidewater inlets and among the rocky shores. During the season, the tribes of the southwest (Aquitani), a mining population, allied to the Iberians or Basques, are reduced by one of Caesar's officers. Book IV. B. C. 55. An inroad of the Germans into Northern Gaul is repulsed, and Caesar follows them by a bridge of timber hastily built across the Rhine. Returning, he crosses to Britain in the early autumn for a visit of exploration. Book V. B. C. 54. The partial conquest of Britain (second invasion) is followed by various movements in Northern Gaul, in which the desperate condition of the Roman garrisons is relieved after serious losses by the prudent and brave conduct of Labienus and Quintus Cicero. Book VI. B. C. 53. Caesar makes a second brief expedition across the Rhine against the Germans. Some general disturbances are quelled, and Northern Gaul is reduced to peace. Book VII. B. C. 52. Vercingetorix, a br
51 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
The Campaigns in Gaul. The campaigns of Caesar in Gaul lasted through eight seasons (B. C. 58-51.), and are told in eight books, — the last written by Hirtius, an officer of Caesar, — each book containing the operations of a single year. The following is a brief outline: Book I. B. C. 58. Caesar checks the attempt of the Helvetians to settle in Western Gaul, and, after a bloody defeat, forces the remnant to return to their own territory. He then engages with a powerful brave and high-spirited chief of Southern Gaul, effects a confederacy of the whole country, which is at length subdued. Vercingetorix surrenders himself to secure the quiet of the country, and is taken in chains to Rome, where he was afterwards put to death at Caesar's triumph. Book VIII. B. C. 51. Slight insurrections breaking out here and there are easily subdued; and by the capture of the last native stronghold, Uxellodunum, the subjugation of Gaul is made complete.
56 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
in Eastern Gaul, and drives them, with their chief, Ariovistus, back across the Rhine. Book II. B. C. 57. A formidable confederacy of the northern populations of Gaul is suppressed, with the almost complete extermination of the bravest Belgian tribe, the Nervii, in a battle which seems to have been one of the most desperate of all that Caesar ever fought. In this campaign the coast towns of the west and northwest (Brittany) also are reduced to submission. Book III. B. C. 56. After a brief conflict with the mountaineers of the Alps, who attacked the Roman armies on their march, the chief operations are the conquest of the coast tribes of Brittany (Veneti, etc.), in a warfare of curious naval engineering in the shallow tidewater inlets and among the rocky shores. During the season, the tribes of the southwest (Aquitani), a mining population, allied to the Iberians or Basques, are reduced by one of Caesar's officers. Book IV. B. C. 55. An inroad of t
53 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
ern Gaul is repulsed, and Caesar follows them by a bridge of timber hastily built across the Rhine. Returning, he crosses to Britain in the early autumn for a visit of exploration. Book V. B. C. 54. The partial conquest of Britain (second invasion) is followed by various movements in Northern Gaul, in which the desperate condition of the Roman garrisons is relieved after serious losses by the prudent and brave conduct of Labienus and Quintus Cicero. Book VI. B. C. 53. Caesar makes a second brief expedition across the Rhine against the Germans. Some general disturbances are quelled, and Northern Gaul is reduced to peace. Book VII. B. C. 52. Vercingetorix, a brave and high-spirited chief of Southern Gaul, effects a confederacy of the whole country, which is at length subdued. Vercingetorix surrenders himself to secure the quiet of the country, and is taken in chains to Rome, where he was afterwards put to death at Caesar's triumph.
52 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 6
Book V. B. C. 54. The partial conquest of Britain (second invasion) is followed by various movements in Northern Gaul, in which the desperate condition of the Roman garrisons is relieved after serious losses by the prudent and brave conduct of Labienus and Quintus Cicero. Book VI. B. C. 53. Caesar makes a second brief expedition across the Rhine against the Germans. Some general disturbances are quelled, and Northern Gaul is reduced to peace. Book VII. B. C. 52. Vercingetorix, a brave and high-spirited chief of Southern Gaul, effects a confederacy of the whole country, which is at length subdued. Vercingetorix surrenders himself to secure the quiet of the country, and is taken in chains to Rome, where he was afterwards put to death at Caesar's triumph. Book VIII. B. C. 51. Slight insurrections breaking out here and there are easily subdued; and by the capture of the last native stronghold, Uxellodunum, the subjugation of Gaul i
113 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 5
The Germans. The Germans first appear in history in the campaigns of the Cimbri and Teutones (B. C. 113-101), the latter of whom were undoubtedly of Germanic origin. The Romans obtainedtheir first considerable knowledge of the country from Caesar. The ancient limits assigned to it were less on the west and south, but indefinitely greater on the east and north, than the modern. In those directions it was terra incognita to the Romans, and always remained so. They never did more than subdue the border tribes along the Rhine and Danube. Caesar had relatively little to do with the Germans, but made such investigations as he could, the results of which are succinctly given in his narrative (Bk. iv. 1-3; Bk. vi. 21-28). The next account, in greater detail, was given by Tacitus in his "Germania," who corroborates Caesar in all important particulars. The Germans were much less civilized than most of the Gauls. They were just at the end of the nomadic stage, an
390 BC (search for this): text intro, chapter 3
Galatians. It was to them, after they were Christianized, that Paul wrote his well-known epistle. What knowledge the Greeks and Romans had of this powerful nation of barbarians was extremely vague. They had long hung like a dark storm-cloud on the northern frontier of both countries, and at intervals poured forth in overwhelming and destructive numbers. Once they spread desolation and dismay through Greece, and all but succeeded in plundering the rich temple of Delphi. In B. C. 390 Rome was destroyed by these same barbarians, and in B. C. 102 it was only the military genius of C. Marius that spared Italy a similar visitation. Long before the time of Caesar, the Romans had succeeded in subduing the Gauls south of the Alps, making the prosperous and orderly province of Cisalpine Gaul, as related above. Transalpine Gaul and Illyricum were more recent additions to the empire, and were less thoroughly subdued and civilized. They had been finally conquered
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