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France (France) (search for this): chapter 5
men, and without protection against the impending encroachments of France. The young men of the Six Nations had been hunting, in April, need his purpose of seizing every Englishman within the Ohio valley. France was resolved on possessing the great territory which her missionariy, Hening's Statutes at large, VI. 417. unwilling to engage with France, yet ready to protect the settlers beyond the mountains, agreed to ad conducted the commission for adjusting the line of boundary with France, had propitiated the favor of Halifax and Cumberland by flattery, athem fatal wounds throughout the continent of Europe. In repelling France from the basin of the Ohio, Washington broke the repose of mankind. And at the very time when the name of Washington became known to France, the child was just born who was one day to stretch out his hand fots head-springs in the Alleghanies, no standard floated but that of France. Hope might dawn from Albany. There, on the nineteenth day of J
Rhode Island (Rhode Island, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
he colonies to be absolutely necessary. And, as a province might recede at will from an unratified covenant, the experienced Hutchinson, of Massachusetts, proud of having rescued that colony from thraldom to paper money, Hopkins, a patriot of Rhode Island, the wise and faithful Pitkin, of Connecticut, Tasker, of Maryland, the liberal Smith, of New York, and Franklin, the most benignant of statesmen, were deputed to prepare a constitution for a perpetual confederacy of the continent; but Frankli through Thomas Pownall, who had been present at Albany during the deliberations of the congress, he advised the immediate organization of two new colonies in the west; with powers of self-direction and government like those of Connecticut and Rhode Island: the one on Lake Erie; the other in the valley of the Ohio, with its capital on the banks of the Scioto. Thus did the freedom of the American colonies, their union, and their extension through the west, become the three great objects of the
Niagara County (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
io valley, the Indians on the banks of that river,—promiscuous bands of Delawares, Shawnees, and Mingoes, or emigrant Iroquois,—after a council at Logstown, resolved to stay the progress of the white men. Their envoy met the French, in April, at Niagara, and gave them the first warning to turn back. As the message sent from the council-fires of the tribes was unheeded, Tanacharisson, the Half-King, himself repaired to them at the newly discovered harbor of Erie, and, undismayed by a rude recepnd envoys of the Delawares, moved onwards to the post of the French at Venango. The officers there avowed the purpose of taking possession of the Ohio; and they mingled the praises of La Salle with boasts of their forts at Le Boeuf and Erie, at Niagara, Toronto, and Frontenac. The English, said they, can raise two men to our one; but they are too dilatory to prevent any enterprise of ours. The Delawares were intimidated or debauched; but the Half-King clung to Washington like a brother, and
Ohio (United States) (search for this): chapter 5
ts to all, but especially gifts of condolence to the tribe that dwelt at Picqua; Hazard's Register, IV. 236. and returning, he made known that the French had successively established posts at Erie, at Waterford, and at Venango, and were preparing to occupy the banks of the Monongahela. Sanctioned by the orders from the king, Dinwiddie, Dinwiddie to Sharpe, of Maryland, 24 Nov., 1753. of Virginia, resolved to send a person of distinction to the commander of the French forces on the Ohio River, to know his reasons for invading the British dominions, while a solid peace subsisted. The envoy whom he selected was George Washington. The young man, then just twenty-one, a pupil of the wilderness, and as heroic as La Salle, entered with chap. V.} 1753. alacrity on the perilous winter's journey from Williamsburg to the streams of Lake Erie. In the middle of November, with an interpreter and four attendants, and Christopher Gist, as a guide, he left Will's Creek, and following th
Carolina City (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
necticut, Tasker, of Maryland, the liberal Smith, of New York, and Franklin, the most benignant of statesmen, were deputed to prepare a constitution for a perpetual confederacy of the continent; but Franklin had already projected a plan, and had brought the heads of it with him. Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts, III. 21. The representatives of the Six Nations assembled tardily, but urged union and action. They accepted the tokens of peace. They agreed to look upon Virginia and Carolina as also present. We thank you, said Hendrick, the great Mohawk chief, we thank you for renewing and brightening the covenant chain. We will take this belt to Onondaga, where our council-fire always burns, and keep it so securely that neither the thunderbolt nor the lightning shall break it. Strengthen yourselves, and bring as many as you can into this covenant chain. You desired us to open our minds and hearts to you, added the indignant brave. Look at the French; they are men; they are
Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
enango, and summoned the English at the Fork to surrender. Only thirty-three in number, they, on the seventeenth of April, capitulated and withdrew. Contrecoeur occupied the post, which he fortified, and, from the governor of New France, named Duquesne. The near forest-trees were felled and burned; cabins of bark, for barracks, were built round the fort, and at once, among the charred stumps, wheat and maize sprung up on the scorched fields where now is Pittsburgh. Come to our assistance aPittsburgh. Come to our assistance as soon as you can; such was the message sent by the Half-King's wampum to Washington; come soon, or we are lost, and shall never meet again. I speak it in the grief of my heart. And a belt in reply announced the approach of the Half-King's brother and friend. The raw recruits, led by their young commander, could advance but slowly, fording deep streams, and painfully dragging their few cannon. In the cold and wet season, they were without tents or shelter from the weather; without a supply o
Alleghany Mountains (United States) (search for this): chapter 5
19 April, 1755. after thirty of the English, and but three of the French had been killed, De Villiers himself fearing his ammunition would give out, proposed a parley. The terms of capitulation which were offered were interpreted to Washington, who did not understand French, and, as interpreted, were accepted. On the fourth day of July, the English garrison, retaining all its effects, withdrew from the basin of the Ohio. In the whole valley of the Mississippi, to its head-springs in the Alleghanies, no standard floated but that of France. Hope might dawn from Albany. There, on the nineteenth day of June, 1754, assembled the memorable congress Massachusetts Historical Collections, XXX. New York Documentary History, II. of commissioners from every colony north of the Potomac. The Virginia government, too, was represented by the presiding officer, Delancey, the lieutenant-governor of New York. They met to concert measures of defence, and to treat with the Six Nations and th
Montreal (Canada) (search for this): chapter 5
e Ohio Indians and the Miamis. Col. Johnson to the Governor of New York, 20 April, 1753. In May more than thirty canoes were counted as they passed Oswego; part of an army going to the Beautiful River of the French. Stoddard to Johnson, 15 May, 1753. Holland to Clinton, 15 May, 1753. Smith to Shirley, 24 December, 1753. The Six Nations foamed with eagerness to take up the hatchet; for, said they, Ohio is ours. On the report that a body of twelve hundred men had been detached from Montreal, by the brave Duquesne, the successor of La Jonquiere, to occupy the Ohio valley, the Indians on the banks of that river,—promiscuous bands of Delawares, Shawnees, and Mingoes, or emigrant Iroquois,—after a council at Logstown, resolved to stay the progress of the white men. Their envoy met the French, in April, at Niagara, and gave them the first warning to turn back. As the message sent from the council-fires of the tribes was unheeded, Tanacharisson, the Half-King, himself repaired to t
Canada (Canada) (search for this): chapter 5
ain. We will take this belt to Onondaga, where our council-fire always burns, and keep it so securely that neither the thunderbolt nor the lightning shall break it. Strengthen yourselves, and bring as many as you can into this covenant chain. You desired us to open our minds and hearts to you, added the indignant brave. Look at the French; they are men; they are fortifying every where. But, we are ashamed to say it, you are like women, without any fortifications. It is but one step from Canada hither, and the French may easily come and turn you out of doors. The distrust of the Six Nations was still stronger than was expressed. Though presents in unusual chap. V.} 1754. abundance had been provided, and a general invitation had been given, but one hundred and fifty warriors appeared. Half of the Onandagas had withdrawn, and joined the settlement formed at Oswegatchie under French auspices. Even Mohawks went to the delegates from Massachusetts to complain of fraudulent trans
Fort Le Boeuf (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
awares were intimidated or debauched; but the Half-King clung to Washington like a brother, and delivered up his belt as he had promised. The rains of December had swollen the creeks. The messengers could pass them only by felling trees for bridges. Thus they proceeded, now killing a buck and now a bear, delayed by excessive rains and snows, by mire and swamps, while Washington's quick eye discerned all the richness of the meadows. At Waterford, the limit of his journey, he found Fort Le Boeuf defended by cannon. Around it stood the barracks of the soldiers, rude log-cabins, roofed with bark. Fifty birch-bark canoes, and one hundred and seventy boats of pine were already prepared chap. V.} 1753. for the descent of the river, and materials were collected for building more. The commander, Gardeur de St. Pierre, an officer of integrity La Galissoniere to the minister, 23 Oct. 1748. and experience, and, for his dauntless courage, both feared and beloved by the red men, ref
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