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The Photographic History of The Civil War: in ten volumes, Thousands of Scenes Photographed 1861-65, with Text by many Special Authorities, Volume 1: The Opening Battles. (ed. Francis Trevelyan Miller), Preface 2; the photographic record as history (search)
e territory in rebellion. Such phrases would be used as: You had twenty-two millions against nine millions. You must have been able to put two muskets into the field against every one of your opponents. It was absurd that you should have allowed yourselves to be successfully withstood for four years and that you should finally have crushed your plucky and skilful opponents only through the brute force of numbers. I recall the difference of judgment given after the British campaigns of South Africa as to the difficulties of an invading army. The large armies that were opposed to the plucky and persistent Boers and the people at home came to have a better understanding of the nature and extent of the task of securing control over a wild and well-defended territory, the invaders of which were fighting many miles from their base and with lines of communication that were easily cut. By the constant cutting and harassing of the lines of communication, and a clever disposition of light
The Photographic History of The Civil War: in ten volumes, Thousands of Scenes Photographed 1861-65, with Text by many Special Authorities, Volume 1: The Opening Battles. (ed. Francis Trevelyan Miller), Preface 3.1: the Federal Navy and the South (search)
seceding states was 5,600,000, and to these were added 125,000 men, who, as sympathizers, joined the Southern army. The South fought as men have rarely fought. Its spirit was the equal of that of any race or time, and if the 325,000 Boers in South Africa could put 80,000 men into the field, the 5,600,000 of the South would have furnished an equal proportion had there been arms, clothing, food, and the rest of the many accessories which, besides men, go to make an army. The situation which prethe Southern armies. The two scenes on this page were duplicated in hundreds of towns throughout the Southland as the war opened. Confederates enlisting at the Natchez Courthouse, early in 1861 Recruiting at Baton Rouge-1862 those in South Africa, and it was impossible in the circumstances that they could be, was the result of the blockade of the Southern coast, a force the South was powerless to resist. What has been said shows how clear was the role of the navy. The strategic sit
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Boer, (search)
e other, resulted from the refusal of the Boers to accede to a number of British claims which the Boers held to be without justification. In this war the Boer military leaders, Joubert, Cronje, Botha, and De Wet displayed a skill in manoeuvring that won the admiration even of their opponents. The death of Joubert and the surrender of Cronje were the severest shocks to the Boer cause up to the close of 1900. During the summer of 1900, General Lord Roberts. British commander-in-chief in South Africa, formally declared the annexation of the two republics, giving them the names of the Vaal River and Orange River colonies. About the same time a joint commission was appointed by the presidents of the two republics to visit the countries of Europe and also the United States for the purpose of securing intervention. In the United States they were received by President McKinley, wholly in the capacity of private visitors; were given a hearty welcome in several large cities; and had a sub
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Columbus, Christopher 1435-1536 (search)
rned him back; and it is believed that he went southward as far as the coast of Guinea. Unable to fit out a vessel for himself, it is stated that he first applied foetly. There are a great number of palm-trees of a different kind from those in Guinea and from ours, of a middling height, the trunks without that covering, and the to the king of that land. For this service there was a sailor who had been to Guinea, and some of the Indians of Guanahani wished to go with him, and afterwards to ad women of their own land than without them. For on many occasions the men of Guinea have been brought to learn the language of Portugal, and afterwards, when they derstood everywhere. On the other hand, there are 1,000 different languages in Guinea, and one native does not understand another. The same night the husband of ounder the sun, with abundant supplies of water. This is not like the rivers of Guinea, which are all pestilential. I thank our Lord that, up to this time, there has
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cook, Joseph 1838- (search)
Cook, Joseph 1838- Lecturer; born in Ticonderoga, N. Y., Jan. 26, 1838; graduated at Harvard College in 1865; studied theology but never settled as a pastor; travelled in Europe and northern Africa in 1871-73; and returning to the United States became a lecturer of national repute on such topics as religion, science, and current reform. In 1895 broken health compelled him to relinquish public work. His lectures relating to the United States include Ultimate America; England and America as competitors and allies; Political signs of the times, etc. He died in Ticonderoga, N. Y., June 24, 1901.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Drake, Sir Francis, -1595 (search)
Drake, Sir Francis, -1595 Navigator; born near Tavistock, Devonshire, England, between 1539 and 1546. Becoming a seaman in early youth, he was owner and master of a ship at the age of eighteen years. After making commercial voyages to Guinea, Africa, he sold her, and invested the proceeds in an expedition to Mexico, under Captain Hawkins, in 1567. The fleet was nearly destroyed in an attack by the Spaniards at San Juan de Ulloa (near Vera Cruz), and Drake returned to England stripped of all his property. The Spanish government refused to indemnify him for his losses, and he sought revenge and found it. Queen Elizabeth gave him a commission in the royal navy, and in 1572 he sailed from Plymouth with two ships for the avowed purpose of plundering the Spaniards. He did so successfully on the coasts of South America, and returned in 1573 with greater wealth than he ever possessed before. Drake was welcomed as a hero; he soon won the title honorably by circumnavigating the globe. H
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni, 1838- (search)
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni, 1838- Explorer; born in New Orleans, La., July 31, 1838. He is best known by the results of two exploring trips to west Africa, during which he discovered and examined considerable territory almost unknown previously, and added sixty species of birds and twenty of mammals to the zoology of Africa. His accounts of the gorillas and pygmies excited a large interest among scientists, and for a time many of his assertions were sharply contradicted as being impossible; but subsequent explorations by others confirmed all that he had claimed. His publications include Explorations and adventures in equatorial Africa; A journey to Ashango land; Stories of the Gorilla country; Paul Belloni du Chaillu. Wild life under the equator; My Apingi kingdom; The country of the dwarfs; The land of the midnight sun; The Viking age; Ivar, the Viking; The people of the Great African forest; The land of the long night, etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Electricity in the nineteenth century. (search)
g which was the Westinghouse Company, also entered the field and became prominent factors in railway extension. In a few years horse traction in the United States on tramway lines virtually disappeared. While the United States and Canada have been and still are the theatre of the enormous advance in electric traction, as in other electric work, many electric car lines have in recent years been established in Great Britain and on the continent of Europe. Countries like Japan, Australia, South Africa, and South America have also in operation many electric trolley lines, and the work is rapidly extending. Most of this work, even in Europe, has been carried out either by importation of equipment from America, or by apparatus manufactured there, but following American practice closely. In Chicago the application of motorcars in trains upon the elevated railway followed directly upon the practical demonstration at the World's Fair of the capabilities of third-rail electric traction on
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Engineering. (search)
in, and the fittest only survives. The American system gives the greatest possible rapidity of erection of the bridge on its piers. A span of 518 feet, weighing 1,000 tons, was erected at Cairo on the Mississippi in six days. The parts were not assembled until they were put upon the false works. European engineers have sometimes ordered a bridge to be riveted together complete in the maker's yard, and then taken apart. The adoption of American work in such bridges as the Atbara in South Africa, the Gokteik viaduct in Burmah, 320 feet high, and others, was due to low cost, quick delivery and erection, as well as excellence of material and construction. Foundations, etc. Bridges must have foundations for their piers. Up to the middle of the nineteenth century engineers knew no better way of making them than by laying bare the bed of the river by a pumped-out cofferdam, or by driving piles into the sand, as Julius Caesar did. About the middle of the century, M. Triger, a Fr
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Gospel, Society for the Propagation of the. Edward Winslow (q. V.) (search)
Gospel, Society for the Propagation of the. Edward Winslow (q. V.) The third governor of the Plymouth colony, became greatly interested in the spiritual concerns of the Indians of New England; and when, in 1649, he went to England on account of the colony, he induced leading men there to join in the formation of a society for the propagation of the Gospel among the natives in America. The society soon afterwards began its work in America, and gradually extended its labors to other English colonies. In 1701 (June 16) it was incorporated under the title of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. William III. zealously promoted the operations of the society, for he perceived that in a community of religion there was security for political obedience. The society still exists, and its operations are widely extended over the East and West Indies, Southern Africa, Australia, and islands of the Southern Ocean.
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