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πόλις , Ep. also πτόλις (found sts. in Trag. etc.,
A.v. πτόλις, : Ep. forms, acc. sg. “πόληαHes.Sc.105, Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.62; gen. πόλιος or πτόλιος, Il.2.811, 4.514, al., “πόληος16.395, al. (also Thgn.757), “πόλεοςIl.21.567; dat. “πόλει5.686, al., “πτόλεϊ17.152, “πόληϊ3.50 (also Tyrt.12.15): pl., nom. “πόλιεςOd.15.412, “πόληεςIl.4.45; gen. “πολίων1.125, al.; dat. “πολίεσσιOd.21.252; acc. “πόλειςIl.2.648, al., “πόληαςOd.17.486, Call.Fr.9.70 P.(scanned ^ ^ ^_ IG12.826), πόλιας (disyll.) Od.8.560,574, (trisyll.) Il.4.308 (s.v.l., “πόλεαςAristarch.): Ion. forms, gen. “πόλεωςIG12(8).356(Thasos), GDI5653a13 (Chios), etc., also Xenoph.2.9,22, v.l. in Thgn.1043; written “πόλειωςGDI5532.19 (Zeleia); πόλεος ib.5339.41 (Orop.), IG12(7).103 (Amorgos), Thgn. 776, etc., “πόλιοςHdt.1.26, al., Herod.2.8, al., “πόληοςThgn. (v. supr.), cj. in Hippon.47, cf. An.Ox.1.361; dat. mostly πόλει, but “πόλι_Hdt. 2.60, al., πόληϊ (or -) SIG169.3 (lasos, iv B.C.): pl., usu. πόλεις, πόλεων, πόλεσι, but in Hdt.πόλιες1.142, al., πολίων ib.6, al., πόλισι ib. 151, al.; acc. “πόλι_ς2.177,al., “πόλιας1.142, 2.102, al.: Dor. gen. sg. “πόλιοςSIG615.3 (Delph., ii B.C.); dat. sg. “πόλιIG4.839 (Calaurea, iv B.C.); dat. pl. “πολίεσιPi.P.7.8; πολίεσσι Foed.Lac. ap. Th.5.77 (v.l. πολίεσι), 79, IG42(1).74.4 (Epid., iii B.C.); Cret. “πόλιθιGDI5019.3: Aeol. gen. “πόλιοςIG12(2).526a8 (πόληος is an Epicism in Alc. Supp.17.6); gen. pl. “πολίωνIG11(4).1064b20; dat. pl. πολίεσσι ib. 12(2).1.6: Trag., gen. πόλεως disyll. (as also in Com., exc. Ar.Eq. 763), thrice “πόλεοςA.Ag.1167 (lyr.), S.Ant.162, E.Or.897:—Att. Inscrr. earlier than 350 B.C. sts. have dat. sg. πόλῃ, IG12.108.35,22.17.10,42.5, 53.7; Att. dual “πόληIsoc.8.116, πόλη or “πόλειAeschin. Socr.8 (where Choerob. cites both forms, in Theod.1.314, 136 H.); gen. “τοῖν πολέοινIsoc.4.73: Elean nom. sg. “πόλερSchwyzer425.16; gen. πόλιορ ib.20 (iii/ii B.C.):—city, Hom. ll.cc., Hes.Sc.270, etc.; π. ἄκρη, ἀκροτάτη, = ἀκρόπολις, the citadel, Il.6.88, 20.52; which at Athens also was in early times called simply π., while the rest of the city was called “ἄστυ, καλεῖται . . ἀκρόπολις μέχρι τοῦδε ἔτι ὑπ᾽ Ἀθηναίων π.Th.2.15; ἐν πόλει in treaties, Id.5.23,47, cf. IG12.372.1, Ar. Lys.245,758; “ἐς πόλινIG12.91.4; “πρὸς πόλινAr.Lys.288 (lyr.); “ἐκ πόλεωςId.Eq.1093; but “ἐν τῇ πόλειX.An.7.1.27, dub. in Antipho 6.39; so Ἰνάχου π. the citadel of Argos, E.Fr.228.6; of the Cadmea at Thebes, Plu.Pel.18, cf. Str.8.6.8; of Alexandria, Eust.239.13; π. ἁγία, of Jerusalem, LXX Ne.11.1: with the name of the city added in gen., Ἰλίου π., Ἄργους π., the city of . . , A.Ag.29, Ar.Eq.813; also in appos., “ Μένδη π.Th.4.130; “ π. οἱ ΤαρσοίX.An.1.2.26.
2. one's city or country,πόθι τοι π. ἠδὲ τοκῆες;Od.1.170, etc., cf. πόλιν: τὴν χώραν, Hsch.
3. ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως city governor, OGI113.3,134.2, al.(Cyprus, ii B.C.), Plb.5.39.3: without Art., “ἐπὶ πόλιοςIG7.2809.2 (Hyettus, iii B.C.), etc.; ἐπὶ πόλεως ib.299.1 (Oropus. iii B.C.); “στρατηγὸς πόλεωςOGI743 (Ptol.); “στρατηγὸς τῆς π.BGU729.1 (ii A.D.); στρατηγὸς κατὰ πόλιν, = Lat. praetor urbanus, IG14.951.2 (Rome, i B.C.).
III. community or body of citizens (opp. ἄστυ, their dwellings, Il.17.144, but in “δῆμός τε π. τεOd.11.14, π. denotes the town), “ὧν π. ἀνάριθμος ὄλλυταιS.OT179(lyr.): hence,
2. state or community,ξύμπασα π. κακοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀπηύραHes.Op.240, cf. Pi.P.2.88, S.OT22, E.Ph.947, etc.; “π. ἄνδρα διδάσκειSimon.67; esp. free state, republic, S.Ant.738 (cf. 734), X.Cyr.8.2.28, Arist.Pol.1276a23; “τὰ τῆς π.state affairs, government, Pl.Prt.319a; “π. γενῶν καὶ κωμῶν κοινωνία ζωῆς τελείας καὶ αὐτάρκουςArist.Pol.1280b40; τὴν π. φεύγειν shun one's public duties, D.45.66; assembly of citizens, Berl.Sitzb.1927.8 (Locr., v B. C.).
3. rights of citizenship, Ar.Ra.718, D.21.106.
IV. πόλιν παίζειν, a game resembling backgammon, Cratin.56, perh. alluded to in Pl.R.422e. (Cf. Skt. pūr, Lith. pilìs 'fortrees'.)
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