I.pres. gĕno , ĕre: “genit,” Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 19: genunt, Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.: “genat,” Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 4: genitur, Auct. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 42, 122; Cic. de Or. 2, 32, 141: “genuntur,” Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 3: “genamur,” Censor. 3, 1; inf. pass. geni, Lucr. 3, 797; gen. gerund. genendi, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 1: “genendo,” Censor. 3, 1; Arn. 4, 21; inf. pres. pass. gignier, Lucr. 3, 623; 6, 246; 807), v. a. root gen-; Sanscr. ǵan-, ǵanami, beget; gātis, birth; Gr. γεν- in γίγνομαι, γένος, γυνή; Lat. genus, genius, gener, gens; also nascor (gn-; cf. gnatus), natura; cf. γάμος, γαμβρός (v. Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. 536); gigno for gigeno, redupl. like γίγνομαι, to beget, bear, bring forth, produce; in pass., to be born, to spring, arise, proceed; of animate and inanimate subjects and objects (syn.: creo, genero, pario).
I. Lit.: Saturno, quem Coelus genuit, Enn. ap. Non. 197, 9 (Ann. v. 27 Vahl.): “sextus (Hercules) hic ex Alcumena, quem Juppiter genuit,” Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42: “nec Hecubam causam interitus fuisse Trojanis, quod Alexandrum genuerit, nec Tyndareum Agamemnoni, quod Clytaemnestram,” id. Fat. 15, 34: “quaecumque animal pariunt, in capita gignunt,” bring forth their young with the head foremost, Plin. 10, 64, 84, § 183. So of the human mother (mostly post-Aug.): “idcirco, inquit Lacaena, genueram (filium),” Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 102: “e septem liberis, quos ipsa genuisset, unum superesse,” Curt. 10, 5, 23: “rectius Lolliam induci, quando nullos liberos genuisset,” Tac. A. 12, 2 init.; Val. Max. 7, 7, 4; so, “ex aliquo,” Curt. 8, 3, 3; Tac. A. 12, 3: “pisces ova cum genuerunt, relinquunt,” Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129: “ova,” Plin. 11, 37, 80, § 204: “omnia quae terra gignat (shortly before, pariat),” Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. Fin. 5, 11, 33: o Romule, Romule die, Qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt! Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 116 Vahl.); cf.: “ut idem deus urbem hanc gentibus, vos huic urbi genuisse videatur,” Cic. Phil. 14, 12, 32: “ita ut plurimum (aurum) Asturia gignat,” Plin. 33. 4, 21, § “78: India eos (beryllos) gignit,” id. 37, 5, 20, § 76: “ad majora quaedam natura nos genuit et conformavit,” Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 23: “deus animum ex sua mente et divinitate genuit,” id. Univ. 8.—Pass., usu. with abl., of either or both parents: “Meri bellatores gignuntur,” Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 85: “nuper erat genitus,” Ov. M. 10, 522: “qui antecedente anno genitum eum scribant,” Suet. Tib. 5: “septimo mense geniti,” Plin. 11, 37, 59, § 158: “pellice genitus,” Liv. 40, 9, 2; Suet. Aug. 17: “Jove genitus,” Curt. 8, 10, 1; 9, 8, 22: “juvenes eadem matre geniti,” id. 6, 14, 4; Liv. 1, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 17; id. Tib. 7; id. Ner. 5 fin.: “genitum fratre adoptaverat,” Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 2.—Also with de, ab, ex: “De quo Remulusque feroxque Acrota sunt geniti,” Ov. M. 14, 617: “genitus de sanguine,” id. ib. 1, 748; id. H. 16, 117: “de Jove,” Gell. 13, 1, 3 (cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34): “filium ab eo genitum nominare,” Just. 12, 7, 10; “but: a se (= ex se) genitum esse Vitellium,” Tac. H. 3, 64: “puer ex ea genitus,” Curt. 8, 10, 36: “(vacca) e terra genita,” Ov. M. 1, 615: “dis genite et geniture deos,” Verg. A. 9, 642: “dis genitus,” Quint. 1, 10, 9: “adolescentis in omnium virtutum exempla geniti,” Vell. 2, 116, 2: “quae in terris gignantur, ad usum hominum omnia creari,” Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22: “nec enim id esset principium, quod gigneretur aliunde,” id. Rep. 6, 25: “ubi tus gignitur,” Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 89: “Corycium nemus, ubi crocum gignitur,” Curt. 3, 4 fin.—Poet. with inf.: “omne potens animal leti genitumque nocere,” Luc. 6, 485.—Absol.: “ut in gignendo, in educando perfacile appareat,” Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 109: “hae (mulieres), quae gignunt, imbecillos edunt,” Cels. 2, 1 med.
II. Trop., to produce, occasion, cause: “multa nobis blandimenta natura ipsa genuit,” Cic. Cael. 17, 41: “haec ipsa virtus amicitiam et gignit et continet,” id. Lael. 6, 20: “ludus genuit trepidum certamen et iram, Ira truces inimicitias et funebre bellum,” Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 48: “qui genuit in hac urbe dicendi copiam,” Cic. Brut. 73, 255: “praeceptiones,” Auct. Her. 4, 3, 5: “probationes,” Quint. 5, 1, 1: “mel gignit insaniam,” Plin. 21, 13, 45, § 177; cf.: “baccharis odor somnum gignit,” id. 21, 19, 77, § 132: “alium sitim gignit,” id. 20, 6, 23, § 57.—In pass., to be born, to spring, arise, proceed: “cum ipse (Cato) sui generis initium ac nominis ab se gigni et propagari vellet,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180: “ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur et illa injustissima et durissima servitus,” id. Rep. 1, 44: “et aegritudines et metus et reliquae perturbationes omnes gignuntur ex ea (intemperantia),” id. Tusc. 4, 9, 22: Plato eas (ἰδέας) gigni negat et ait semper esse, id. Or. 3, 10: “ipsi autem intelligamus natura gigni sensum diligendi et benevolentiae caritatem,” id. Lael. 9, 32: “odia etiam gigni sempiterna (opp. exstingui familiaritates),” id. ib. 10, 35: “in animorum permotione gignenda,” id. de Or. 3, 30, 118: “de gignenda et comparanda sapientia,” Gell. 13, 8, 1.—Hence, gignentĭa , ĭum, n. (fruit-bearing), organic bodies, things that grow, as plants, trees, etc.: “loca nuda gignentium,” Sall. J. 79, 6: “ilex aucta in altitudinem, quo cuncta gignentium natura fert,” id. ib. 93, 4: “animam animantium omnium non corpoream esse ... omniumque gignentium esse seniorem,” App. Dogm. Plat. p. 193; opp. animalia, Lact. de Ira Dei, 1, 13.