I.fut. perf. servasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71: servassis, an old formula in Cato, R. R. 141, 3: “servassit,” Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 76: “servassint,” id. As. 3, 3, 64; id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103), v. a. cf. salus.
I. Lit.
A. In gen., to save, deliver, keep unharmed, preserve, protect, etc. (very freq. and class.; syn. salvo): Ph. Perdis me tuis dictis. Cu. Immo servo et servatum volo, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 56; cf.: “qui ceteros servavi, ut nos periremus,” Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2: “pol me occidistis, amici, Non servastis,” Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 139: “aliquem ex periculo,” Caes. B. C. 2, 41 fin.: “aliquem ex judicio,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131: “vita ex hostium telis servata,” id. Rep. 1, 3, 5: “urbs ex belli ore et faucibus erepta atque servata,” id. Arch. 9, 21.—With ab and abl. (mostly post - Aug. and rare): “si tamen servari a furibus possunt,” Pall. 5, 8, 7 fin.: “super omnia Capitolium summamque rem in eo solus a Gallis servaverat,” Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 103.—Mars pater, te precor, pastores pecuaque salva servassis duisque bonam salutem mihi, etc., an old formula of prayer, Cato, R. R. 141, 3: “di te servassint semper,” Plaut. As. 3, 3, 64: “di te servassint mihi,” id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103: “ita me servet Juppiter,” Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 24: “serva, quod in te est, filium et me et familiam,” id. Heaut. 4, 8, 4: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratiā. Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.): “invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti,” Hor. A. P. 467: “Graeciae portus per se (i. e. Themistoclem) servatos,” Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5: servare rem publicam, id. Sest. 22, 49: “quoniam me unā vobiscum servare non possum, vestrae quidem certe vitae prospiciam, etc.,” Caes. B. G. 7, 50: “impedimenta cohortesque,” id. B. C. 1, 70: “urbem insulamque Caesari,” id. ib. 2, 20: “sua,” Cato, R. R. 5, 1: “rem suam,” Hor. A. P. 329: “servabit odorem Testa,” id. Ep. 1, 2, 69: “Sabinus Vitisator, curvam servans sub imagine falcem,” keeping, retaining, Verg. A. 7, 179 et saep.: “urbem et cives integros incolumesque,” Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25: “pudicitiam liberorum ab eorum libidine tutam,” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68: “se integros castosque,” id. Tusc. 1, 30, 72: omnia mihi integra, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1.—Poet. with inf.: “infecta sanguine tela Conjugibus servant parvisque ostendere natis,” Stat. Th. 9, 188.—Absol.: So. Perii, pugnos ponderat. Me. Quid si ego illum tractim tangam ut dormiat? So. Servaveris: “Nam continuas has tres noctes pervigilavi,” you would save me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 157.—
(β).
With abl. or ab or ex and abl. of the danger or evil: “si respublica populi Romani Quiritium ad quinquennium proximum salva servata erit hisce duellis, datum donum duit, etc., an ancient votive formula,” Liv. 22, 10, 2: “Q. SERVILIVS VVLNERE SERVATVS,” Inscr. Grut. 48, 5: “omnes quattuor amissis servatae a peste carinae,” Verg. A. 5, 699.—Usu. with ex: “quo ex judicio te ulla salus servare posset,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131: “urbs ex omni impetu regio servata,” id. Arch. 9, 21: “ex eo periculo,” Caes. B. C. 2, 41: “navem ex hieme marique,” Nep. Att. 10, 6.—
b. With abstract objects: navorum imperium servare est induperantum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Trag. v. 413 Vahl.): “imperium probe,” Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 7: “ordines,” Caes. B. G. 4, 26; id. B. C. 1, 44; 2, 41; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23: “ordinem laboris quietisque,” Liv. 26, 51: “praesidia indiligentius,” Caes. B. G. 2, 33: “vigilias,” Liv. 34, 9: “custodias neglegenter,” id. 33, 4: “discrimina rerum,” id. 5, 46: “concentum (fides),” Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75: “cursus,” id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68: “intervallum,” Caes. B. G. 7, 23: “tenorem pugnae,” Liv. 30, 18: “modum,” Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180 et saep.: “fidem,” Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 63: “fidem cum aliquo,” id. Curc. 1, 2, 49; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33; Ter. And. 1, 5, 45: “fides juris jurandi saepe cum hoste servanda,” Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107; cf.: “fidem de numero dierum,” Caes. B. G. 6, 36: “promissum,” Plaut. Am. 5, 3, 1: “promissa,” Cic. Off. 1, 10, 23: “officia,” id. ib. 1, 11, 33: “justitiam,” id. ib. 1, 13, 41; cf.: “aequabilitatem juris,” id. Rep. 1, 34, 53: “aequitatem,” id. Off. 1, 19, 64: “jura induciarum,” Caes. B. C. 1, 85: “institutum militare,” id. ib. 3, 75; cf. id. ib. 3, 84; “3, 89: rectum animi, Hor S. 2, 3, 201: consulta patrum, leges juraque,” id. Ep. 1, 16, 41; “legem,” Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 2: “consuetudinem,” id. Clu. 32, 89: “illud quod deceat,” id. Off. 1, 28, 97: “dignitatem,” id. de Or. 2, 54, 221: “fidem cum aliquo,” id. Phil. 7, 8, 22: “amicitiam summā fide,” id. Lael. 7, 25: “Platonis verecundiam,” id. Fam. 9, 22, 5: “aequam mentem,” Hor. C. 2, 3, 2: “nati amorem,” Verg. A. 2, 789: “conubia alicujus,” id. ib. 3, 319: “foedera,” Ov. F. 2, 159.—
B. In partic., to keep, lay up, preserve, reserve for the future or for some purpose (syn. reservare): “si voles servare (vinum) in vetustatem, ad alvum movendam servato,” Cato, R. R. 114, 2; Col. 12, 28, 4: “lectum Massicum,” Hor. C. 3, 21, 6; Col. 12, 28, 4; cf.: “Caecuba centum clavibus,” Hor. C. 2, 14, 26: “lapis chernites mitior est servandis corporibus nec absumendis,” Plin. 36, 17, 28, § 132: “vermes in melle,” id. 30, 13, 39, § 115: “se temporibus aliis,” Cic. Planc. 5, 13: “eo me servavi,” id. Att. 5, 17, 1: “Valerius, in parvis rebus neglegens ultor gravem se ad majora vindicem servabat,” Liv. 2, 11, 4; 10, 28, 5.—With dat.: “placet esse quasdam res servatas judicio voluntatique multitudinis,” Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69: “in aliquod tempus quam integerrimas vires militi servare,” Liv. 10, 28: “Jovis auribus ista (carmina) Servas,” Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44: “causa integra Caesari servaretur, Auct. B. Alex. 35, 1: durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis,” Verg. A. 1, 207.—Poet. with ad: “ad Herculeos servaberis arcus,” Ov. M. 12, 309.—
II. Transf. (from the idea of the attention being turned to any thing).
A. To give heed to, pay attention to; to watch, observe any thing (syn. observo).
1. In gen.
(α).
With acc.: uxor scelesta me omnibus servat modis, Ne, etc., Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 5: “vestimenta sua,” id. ib. 2, 3, 52: “iter alicujus,” Caes. B. G. 5, 19: “Palinurus dum sidera servat,” Verg. A. 6, 338: “nubem locumque,” Ov. M. 5, 631: “nutricis limen servantis alumnae,” keeping watch over, guarding, id. ib. 10, 383: “pascentes haedos,” Verg. E. 5, 12: “vestibulum,” id. A. 6, 556: “servaturis vigili Capitolia voce Cederet anseribus,” Ov. M. 2, 538; cf.: “pomaria dederat servanda draconi,” id. ib. 4, 646.—
(β).
With rel.-clause or final: quid servas, quo eam, quid agam? Lucil. ap. Non. 387, 26: “tuus servus servet, Venerine eas (coronas) det, an viro,” Plaut. As. 4, 1, 60: “cum decemviri servassent, ut unus fasces haberet,” Liv. 3, 36, 3: “servandum in eo ante omnia, ut, etc.,” Plin. 17, 17, 28, § 124: “ut (triumviri) servarent, ne qui nocturni coetus fierent,” Liv. 39, 14 fin.; Col. 8, 5, 13.—
(γ).
Absol., to stay, keep watch, or guard: Eu. Intus serva. Sl. Quippini Ego intus servem? an, ne quis aedes auferat? Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 3 sq.; cf.: “nemo in aedibus Servat,” id. Most. 2, 2, 22: “solus Sannio servat domi,” Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10; Ov. M. 1, 627.—Imper.: “serva!” take care! look out! beware! Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 29; Ter. And. 2, 5, 5; id. Ad. 2, 1, 18; Hor. S. 2, 3, 59.—
2. In partic., in relig. lang., to observe an omen: secundam avem servat... servat genus altivolantum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 and 84 Vahl.): “de caelo servare,” Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81; id. Div. 2, 35, 74; “so of the augurs: de caelo,” id. Vatin. 6, 15; id. Sest. 61, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Att. 2, 16, 2; 4, 3, 3: “caelum servare,” Lucr. 5, 395: “fulgura caeli,” id. 6, 429.—
B. To keep to, remain in a place (i. e. to keep watch there); to dwell in, inhabit (ante-class. and poet.): “nunc te amabo, ut hanc hoc triduum solum sinas Esse hic et servare apud me,” Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 107: “tu nidum servas,” Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6: “atria servantem postico falle clientem,” id. ib. 1, 5, 31: “nymphae sorores, Centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina servant,” Verg. G. 4, 383: “immanem hydrum Servantem ripas,” id. ib. 4, 459: “sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes,” id. A. 7, 52: “DOMVM SERVAVIT, LANAM FECIT,” Inscr. Orell. 3848.—
C. In late jurid. Lat.: “servare aliquid (pecuniam) ab aliquo,” to get, obtain, receive, Dig. 17, 1, 45 fin.; so ib. 25, 5, 2; 26, 7, 61.—Hence, * servans , antis, P.a., keeping, observant; with gen.: “Rhipeus servantissimus aequi,” Verg. A. 2, 427.