Arizona,
A territory of the
United States between lat. 31° and 37° N., and between long.
109° and 114° 40′
W. Utah and
Nevada lie on the north, on the east is
New Mexico,
Mexico on the south,
California and
Nevada on the west.
It contains about 113,916 square miles.
It has eleven counties—Apache, Cochiso, Coconimo,
Gila,
Graham, Maricopa, Mohave, Pima, Pinal, Yavapai, and Yuma.
Population, 1880, 40,440; 1890, 59,620; 1900, 122,931.
Capital,
Phoenix.
First explorations made by
Vasquez Coronado, sent from
Mexico by Viceroy Mendozo......1540
Spaniards again enter and establish a military post where
Tucson now stands......1580
Jesuit missionaries on
Santa Cruz River, about......1600
Spaniards from
Mexico form settlements from
Tucson to the
Mexican line, and partly occupy the country for nearly 150 years. They are finally driven out by the Indians before......1821
First hunters and trappers from the
United States probably visited
Arizona in......1824
All
Arizona north of the river
Gila is included in cession by
Mexico to
United States by treaty of
Guadalupe-Hidalgo......Feb. 2, 1848
First American settlers were persons on their way to
California, who stopped on the
Gila to engage in stock-raising......1849
Gadsden purchase brought to the
United States all of
Arizona south of the
Gila......Dec. 30, 1853
Act of Congress organizing the
Territory......Feb. 24, 1863
[
275]
Gov. John N. Goodwin, in camp at
Navajo Springs, formally organizes the territorial government and fixes its temporary seat near
Fort Whipple......Dec. 29, 1863
First territorial legislature adopts a mining law and the so-called
Howell code of general laws; sits......Sept. 26–Nov. 10, 1864
Tueson made the capital by a majority of one vote......1867
Arizona a military district by order of
General Halleck......October, 1867
Act to establish public schools in the
Territory and a board of education and levying a tax of 10 cents on each $100......1868
Major J. W. Powell, for the Smithsonian Institution with a party of ten, in four boats, descends the cañon of the
Colorado from
Green River to
Rio Virgin......May–August, 1869
Arizona and
southern California made a military department, headquarters at
Fort Whipple......1869
Forty citizens and 100 Papagos from
Tucson and vicinity massacre eighty-five Indian prisoners of war (seventy-seven of them women and children) at Camp Grant, and capture thirty, who are sold to the Papagos as slaves. (One hundred and eight persons were afterwards tried for murder and acquitted)......April, 1871
“
Arizona diamond swindle.”
Excitement over supposed diamond fields in
Arizona; the
San Francisco and New York Mining and Commercial Company, with a capital of $10,000,000, formed;
Clarence King,
United States geologist, finds the field “salted” with rough diamonds from
Africa,
Brazil, etc.......1872
A long war waged by
General Crook with hostile Apaches in
Arizona ends by surrender of the Tontos, Hualapais and Yavapais in 1873, and other bands in......1874
Mormon colonists from
Utah settle in
Apache county......March, 1876
Prescott chosen as capital......1877
New public-school law enacted......1883
Raid of Loco's band of
Chiricahua Indians in the
valley of the Gila begins......April 19, 1883
Acts to establish an insane asylum at
Phoenix, a normal school at
Tempe, and the
University of
Arizona at
Tucson......January–March, 1885
Act providing that no polygamist or bigamist shall vote or hold office......January–March, 1885
Congress appropriates $2,000 to repair the ruin of Casa Grande, reserving from settlement the entire site of the ancient city......March 2, 1889
State capital removed from
Prescott to
Phoenix......Feb. 4, 1890
Forty lives lost by broken mining-dam on the
Hassayampa River......Feb. 23, 1890
Friday after Feb. 1 each year made a legal holiday as Labor Day......Jan. 19–March 19, 1891
Yuma devastated by flood......Feb. 27, 1891
Eleven bills submitted to
Governor Zulick for approval, March 21, 1889; unsigned, as sixty consecutive days had passed since the organization of the legislature.
The territorial Supreme Court declared the session legal for sixty days of actual legislative work, and the bills became laws without the governor's approval......1891
Discovery of a lake forming in Salton Sink from the overflow of the
Colorado River......June 29, 1891
Constitutional convention meets at
Phoenix, Sept. 7, and adopts a complete constitution......Oct. 2, 1891
Ex-Gov. A. P. K. Safford dies at
Tarpon Springs, Fla.......Dec. 16, 1891
Land reclaimed by irrigation, 343,000 acres up to......1892
[Capable of being reclaimed under the present water development, 1,730,000 acres. Supposed amount that can be reclaimed with the water available in the
Territory, 24,000,000 acres.]
Indians attack
Nogales Aug. .12, are pursued by United States cavalry, three killed, thirty captured......Aug. 17, 1896
New capitol finished......August, 1900
Arkansas 
