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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
out 1566 by Garces, who observed the Indians using a native red earth for paint. It does not appear to have come into general use in the silvermines of Peru, as a means of extracting the silver from the earthy particles, till 1571, when Pero Fernandas de Velasco came to Peru and offered to refine the silver by mercury, as he had seen in the smelting-houses in Mexico. His proposals were accepted, the old methods abandoned, and that of amalgamation pursued as it is practised at present. In 1572, Hawks writes that an owner of a mine must have much quicksilver, and as for this charge of quicksilver, it is a new invention, which they find more profitable than to fine their ore with lead. — Hakluyt's Voyages. The number of patents granted in the United States for amalgamators cannot be readily stated, as so many of the crushers, grinders, and arrastras become amalgamators by the addition of mercury. To state the whole number would give an exaggerated view, as many of them are merely
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
h the royal arms, the garter, and motto embroidered in blue, the ground crimson, and the fleurs-de-lis, leopards, and letters of the motto in gold thread. A coronet of gold thread is inwrought with pearls; the roses at the corners are in red silk and gold. In the Bodleian Library is a volume of the Epistles of St. Paul (black letter), the binding of which is embroidered by Queen Elizabeth; around the borders are Latin sentences, etc. Archbishop Parker's De Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesiae (1572), in the British Museum, is bound in green velvet, embroidered with animals and flowers, in green, crimson, lilac, and yellow silk, and gold thread. A folio Bible which belonged to Charles I., date 1527, is now preserved in the church of Broomfield, Essex, England. It is bound in purple velvet, the arms of England embroidered in raised work on both sides. A will of 1427 devises several psalters in velvet bindings. Cloth binding superseded the paper known in England as boards in 1823
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
silver from comminuted ore by exposing it mechanically to molten lead, with which it forms an alloy. The subsequent separation is by cupellation or, with silver, by Pattinson's process. See infra. In reducing silver ores, the ancient Peruvians mixed them with galena or lead in portable ovens. It is still practiced in that country. Quicksilver was well known in Peru among the Incas, but was used to make the pigment vermilion, not to amalgamate the precious metals. Hawks writes, A. D. 1572, that the process of amalgamating silver ores with mercury is being substituted for melted lead. See amalgamator. In Bursile's English patent, February 12, 1853, the ore is treated with an amalgam formed by the union of quicksilver in a readily fusible alloy of lead and bismuth, or lead, bismuth, and tin. Lead-bath for precious ores. In Fuller's apparatus, the comminuted ore occupying the central shaft D is discharged in a diffused condition beneath the column of lead A, which is k
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
the barbers, who were also keepers of the baths. French and English charters and municipal regulations show that the profession was gradually assuming systematic proportions, court and army surgeons becoming of note, the chirurgeon proper, who also studied medicine, gradually edging away from the mere barber-surgecons, who simply shampooed. bled, blistered, cupped, drew teeth, and bound up the wounds of the victims of the frequent frays. The chirurgeon proper wore a robe and cap, when, in 1572, bluff King Harry granted the Royal College of Physicians of London the power of licensing practitioners in the city of London and within seven miles thereof,—a right still extant. The distinction between chirurgiens and perruguiers was fairly drawn by enactment in France, temp. Louis XIV., and in England in 1745, by act of Parliament, temp. George II Sur′gi-cal In′stru-ments and Ap-pli′an-ces. See under the following heads :— Abaptiston.Acanthalus. Abdominal supporter.Accipte
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
evigation is comminution assisted by a liquid. Trituration of grain is usually conducted between stones, as in grinding-mill (which see). Of spices and allied articles, such as coffee, pepper, etc., by steel mills. See coffee-mill; paint-mill; etc. Of drugs and snuff, by pestle and mortar. See mortar. Of ores and rocks, by edge-rollers (see Chilian mill), stamps, or by horizontally rotating mullers in pans. See Amalgama-Tor; arrastra. See also Plates XXXIV., XXXV., and pages 1567-72. The variety of mills or grinders is very great, and a list may be found under mill (page 1440). Triv′et. 1. The knife wherewith the loops of terry fabrics are cut. Velvets and Wilton carpets, for instance, are woven with loops, the warp being carried over wires in the shed. On the top of each wire is a groove which forms a guide for the trvet, which, by a dexterous motion of the operator, is thus driven along the wire, cutting all the loops and making a pile fabric; or cut-pile fa