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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
er-harvester of thirty years back, shown in the lower part of same figure, is of the old Gallic pattern, is drawn by one horse, and guided by handles in the rear. The load is scooped out occasionally and deposited in bunches in the field. Clover-huller. Clo′ver-hull′er. Red clover (known in England as broad clover ) came from Flanders to England and from England to the United States. Its adoption was strongly urged by Sir Richard Weston, in 1645, who saw it growing near Antwerp in 1644, and noticed the speed of its growth and how soon it recovered after mowing. In ten years it had spread through the kingdom and made its way to Ireland. Clover-Thresher. The clover-heads, previously separated from the straw by tramping or thrashing, after passing beneath the thrashing-cylinder, are raised by an endless carrier to a riddle, through which the seed falls upon a carrier which takes it back to the huller, by which the seed is liberated from the hulls, to be separated by
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
orshippers of Persia, have not been properly examined or determined; but the holy fires of Baku, on the shore of the Caspian, have attained some celebrity, and are maintained by a natural stream of carbureted hydrogen. Paracelsus remarked the disengagement of gas when iron was dissolved in sulphuric acid. Van Helmont, a Belgian chemist, gave it the name of gas, and distinguished gases from atmospheric air, and also, on account of their non-condensibility, from vapors. Van Helmont died in 1644. Oxygen was first discovered by Dr. Priestley in 1774; he obtained it by heating red oxide of mercury, and called it dephlogisticated air. Scheele and Lavoisier a year or two later made the same discovery, independently of the English inventor, as Humboldt thinks. It was termed empyreal air by Scheele; vital air by Cordorcet. The name oxygen was given to it by Lavoisier. Black and Cavendish, in 1766, showed that carbonic acid (fixed air) and hydrogen gas (combustible air) are speci
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
the telescope is credited by Whewell to Huyghens, Malvasia, and Azout. It was a great advance in the attempt to do by accuracy of measurement what had previously been attempted, and in part accomplished, by enlarging the instrument so as to enable the measurements of smaller arcs. The first micrometer on record is that of Gascoigne of England, constructed about 1640, and used by him in measuring the diameters of the moon and some of the planets. The inventor perished in the civil war, 1644. The instrument had nicely ground parallel edges of brass plate, and parallel hairs were substituted by the renowned Dr. Hooke. Huyghens, about 1652, measured the diameter of a planet by inserting in the tube of the telescope, at the focus of the object-glass and eye-glass, a slip of metal which covered exactly the image of the planet, and then deduced the diameter by the breadth of the slip compared with the breadth of the field. Malvasia, shortly after, employed a network of fine sil