Browsing named entities in Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing). You can also browse the collection for 1645 AD or search for 1645 AD in all documents.

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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Calvert, Leonard (search)
olonists as intruders. He was driven away, and his property was confiscated. But he was a thorn in the side of the proprietor for a long time. Governor Calvert tried to carry out the grand design of the proprietor to establish a feudal nobility with hereditary titles and privileges, the domain for the purpose being divided into manorial estates of 2,000 and 3,000 acres each, but the provisions of the charter fortunately prevented such a consummation of Lord Baltimore's order. governor Calvert went to England in 1643, and during his absence for nearly a year much trouble ensued in the colony, for Claiborne, with Capt. Richard Ingle, harassed the settlement at St. Mary's. Civil war ensued (1645), and Governor Calvert was expelled from Maryland, and took refuge in Virginia. Finally, Calvert returned from Virginia with a military force, took possession of Kent Island, and re-established proprietary Tights over all the province of Maryland. He died June 9, 1647. See Baltimore, Lords.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carteret, Sir George 1599- (search)
Carteret, Sir George 1599- English naval officer; born in St. Ouen, Jersey, in 1599. Charles I. appointed him governor of the Island of Jersey; and when the civil war broke out he was comptroller of the navy, and esteemed by all parties. Leaving the sea, he went with his family to Jersey, but soon afterwards returned to help his royal master. In 1645 he was created a baronet, and returned to his government of Jersey, where he received and sheltered the Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles II.) when the royal cause was ruined in England. Other refugees of distinction were there, and he defended the island gallantly against the forces of Cromwell. At the Restoration he rode with the King in his triumphant entry into London. Carteret became one of the privy council, vice-chamberlain, and treasurer of the navy. Being a personal friend of James, Duke of York, to whom Charles II. granted New Netherland, Carteret and Berkeley (another favorite) easily obtained a grant of territory
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Claiborne, or Clayborne, William 1589- (search)
the delivery of Claiborne. That functionary decided that Claiborne might go to England to justify his conduct before the home government. A court of inquiry—held three years afterwards to investigate the matter—resulted in a formal indictment of Claiborne, and a bill of attainder passed against him. Thomas Smith, next in rank to Warren, was hanged. Claiborne, who was now treasurer of Virginia, retaliated against Maryland by stirring up civil war there, and, expelling Gov. Leonard Calvert (1645), assumed the reins of government. In 1651 Claiborne was appointed, by the council of state in England, one of the commissioners for reducing Virginia to obedience to the commonwealth ruled by Parliament; and he also took part in governing Maryland by a commission. He was soon afterwards made secretary of the colony of Virginia, and held the office until after the restoration of monarchy (1660) in England. Claiborne was one of the court that tried the captured followers of Nathaniel Bacon
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Currency, Continental (search)
property in cases of inability to pay, corn, cattle, and other personal goods, or, in default of such goods, the home and lands of the debtor, when taken in execution, were to be delivered to the creditor in full satisfaction, at such value as they might be appraised at by three intelligent and indifferent men —one to be chosen by the creditor, another by the debtor, and a third by the marshal. Beaver skins were also paid and received as money, and held a place next to coin in the public estimation. At one time musket-balls, at one farthing each, were made legal tender. A more available currency was found in wampum (q. v.), the money of the Indians. In 1645 the legislature of Virginia prohibited dealing by barter, and abolished tobacco as currency. They established the Spanish dollar, or piece of eight, at six shillings, as the standard of currency for that colony. In 1655 the piece of eight was changed from six shillings to five shillings sterling as the standard of currenc
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hiacoomes, (search)
Hiacoomes, Indian preacher; born about 1610; became the first Indian convert to Christianity in New England. When the first white settlers landed at Martha's Vineyard (1642), he was there, and he was converted under the preaching of Thomas Mayhew. He learned to read, and in 1645 he began to preach to his countrymen. An Indian church was formed there, and Hiacoomes was ordained pastor, and Tackanash was appointed teacher, by Eliot and Colton. He died about 1690.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ingle, Richard 1610- (search)
Ingle, Richard 1610- Mariner; born in London, England, about 1610. During the civil war in England the royalist governor of Maryland seized Ingle's ship. On his return to England, Ingle applied to Parliament for redress, and received a commission authorizing him to act against the royalists. Ingle returned to America in 1645, and, taking advantage of local troubles, expelled Leonard Calvert, and himself took charge of the government for six months, at the end of which period Calvert regained control.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Jenks, Joseph -1683 (search)
Jenks, Joseph -1683 Inventor; born near London; came to America in 1645, and is supposed to have been the first brassfounder on this continent. On May 6, 1648, he secured a patent from the Massachusetts legislature for a water-mill and for a saw-mill. In 1652 he made the dies, it is said, for the silver coinage—the pine-tree money of that province. In 1654 he made a fire-engine for Boston, and in 1655 he received a patent for an improved method of manufacturing scythes. In 1667 he had an appropriation for the encouragement of wire-drawing. He died in Lynn, Mass., in 1683
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Joliet, Louis 1645-1700 (search)
Joliet, Louis 1645-1700 Discoverer; born in Quebec, Canada, Sept. 21, 1645; was educated at the Jesuit college in his native city, and afterwards engaged in the furtrade in the Western wilderness. In 1673 Intendant Talon, at Quebec, with the sanction of Governor Frontenac, selected Joliet to find and ascertain the direction of the course of the Mississippi and its mouth. Starting from Mackinaw, in May, 1673, with Father Marquette and five other Frenchmen, they reached the Mississippi June 17. They studied the country on their route, made maps, and gained much information. After intercourse with Indians on the lower Mississippi, near the mouth of the Arkansas, who had trafficked with Europeans, they were satisfied that the Mississippi emptied into the Gulf of Mexico, and made their way back to Green Bay, where Joliet started alone for Quebec to report to his superiors. His canoe was upset in Lachine Rapids, above Montreal, and his journals and charts were lost, but he wrote ou
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Keith, George 1645- (search)
Keith, George 1645- Clergyman: born in Aberdeen, Scotland, about 1645; belonged to the Society of Friends: came to East Jersey; was surveyor-general in 1682; and in 1689 taught school in Philadelphia. He wrote and spoke much in favor of the Quakers, and visited New England in their interest; but about 1691 he established a sect who called themselves Christian Quakers. Keith was irritable, quarrelsome, and imperious. He finally left the Quakers altogether; took orders in the Church of Eng, about 1645; belonged to the Society of Friends: came to East Jersey; was surveyor-general in 1682; and in 1689 taught school in Philadelphia. He wrote and spoke much in favor of the Quakers, and visited New England in their interest; but about 1691 he established a sect who called themselves Christian Quakers. Keith was irritable, quarrelsome, and imperious. He finally left the Quakers altogether; took orders in the Church of England; and died rector of Edburiton. Sussex. England, in 1715.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Maryland, State of. (search)
bly. The first statutes of Maryland were enacted in 1639. In 1642 a company of Puritans, who had been driven out of Virginia, settled in Maryland, and soon showed a spirit of resistance to the authorities. Claiborne, who had been deprived of his property and civil rights by the legislature of Maryland, now reappeared at Kent Island and stirred up the Indians with jealousy of the colonists, and they made war upon the settlers. It was not long nor very distressing, and it was just ended (1645) when Claiborne, by false representations, fanned the embers of discontent into a flame of civil war. The insurgents, with disaffected Indians, drove the governor and his council into Virginia, and for about a year and a half the rebels held the reins of power. The rebellion was crushed in the summer of 1647, when the governor returned (in August) and resumed his chair. Many of the records had been destroyed in the turmoil, and a greater portion were carried into Virginia and lost. In 1649
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