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Lucius R. Paige, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630-1877, with a genealogical register 70 70 Browse Search
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 25 25 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 23 23 Browse Search
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MEDFORD, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT, IN 1630, TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1855. (ed. Charles Brooks) 15 15 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the Colonization of the United States, Vol. 1, 17th edition. 14 14 Browse Search
The Cambridge of eighteen hundred and ninety-six: a picture of the city and its industries fifty years after its incorporation (ed. Arthur Gilman) 7 7 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Walcott Boynton, Reader's History of American Literature 3 3 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 2, 17th edition. 3 3 Browse Search
Charles A. Nelson , A. M., Waltham, past, present and its industries, with an historical sketch of Watertown from its settlement in 1630 to the incorporation of Waltham, January 15, 1739. 3 3 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 1, Colonial and Revolutionary Literature: Early National Literature: Part I (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 2 2 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for 1650 AD or search for 1650 AD in all documents.

Your search returned 23 results in 13 document sections:

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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
s:— It is a most acceptable thing to hear their discourse, and see their experiments; which were this day on fire, and how it goes out in a place where the ayre is not free, and sooner out when the ayre is exhausted, which they showed by an engine on purpose . . . . Above all Mr. Boyle was at the meeting, and above him Mr. Hooke, who is the most, and promises the least, of any man in the world that I ever saw. the air-pump was reinvented by Otto von Guericke of Magdeburg, about A. D. 1650. since then this instrument has been much improved by Hooke, Papin, Hawksbee, and Boyle. Many varieties of structure have been devised, the principle of all being the same. The basis or essential part in the air-pump is a metallic or glass tube answering to the barrel of a common pump or syringe, having a valve at the bottom opening upwards; and a movable piston or embolus, answering to the sucker of a pump, the piston or cylinder being furnished likewise with a valve opening outward. The
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
vid and brilliant light. See Drummond-light. Cal′cu-lating-ma-chine′. The abacus is the simplest form of calculating-machine. See abacus. A number of these are considered under Arithometer (which see). Pascal, when 19 years of age (1650), invented one which forms the basis of most of the calculating-machines and registers of the present day. It consists of a train of wheels numbered 0 to 9, and gearing into each other so as respectively to represent units, tens, hundreds, etc. Ited by strings of the same length. A. D. 1641, Richard Harris constructed a pendulum clock in London, for the church of St. Paul, Covent Garden. A. D. 1649, a pendulum clock was constructed by Vincenzio Galileo (the younger Galileo). A. D. 1650, Huyghens constructed clocks on this principle: — He first explained the nature, properties, and application of the pendulum, and made it perfect, except the compensation added by Graham, about 1700. Anchor pallets were introduced by Clement, i<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
traverse the width of one set of brushes. The first (English) hackney-coach. Hackney-coach. （Vehicle.) An English term for a coach plying in the streets for hire. It has two facing seats inside. They were introduced into France in 1650 (fiacre), and about the same time into England. They are mentioned by Pepys, 1660. The name is French (coche-à--haquenee). Hack-saw. A frame saw of moderate set, tolerably close teeth, and good temper; used in sawing metal. Such a saw iwhich the pressure of a piston on a body of water of relatively small sectional area is made to propagate the force to a cylinder of multiple area, where the force is directly as the difference and the speed inversely as the difference. Pascal (1650) demonstrated the power of a column of water in a vertical pipe inserted into a barrel. In filling the barrel and pipe, he found the pressure to be as the hight of the column and the area of the base, as if the cask had preserved its diameter thr
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
at the age of twenty left Oxford University to take charge of his father's furnaces at Pensnet, in Worcestershire, and who succeeded in producing three tons of iron per week in a small blast-furnace by the use of coke from pit-coal. The parties who yet possessed plenty of wood, and with whom the production of iron was fast becoming a monopoly, urged the charcoal-burners to destroy the works of Dudley, which was done. Dudley's patent was granted for thirty-one years, which would bring it to 1650, the time of the Protectorate, when England had a ruler fit to succeed Queen Bess. The celebrated statute of King James, limiting the duration of patents to fourteen years, was passed in 1624. From the circumstance that Dudley petitioned Oliver Cromwell and Council for a renewal of the term, two things are evident: one, that he had pursued the scheme and anticipated or had achieved success; the other, that the limitation of his patent from thirty-one to fourteen years had not been enforce
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
bakolo (long pig), as they call a baked human carcass, to distinguish it from short pig, the swine, whose meat it is said to resemble. Whittling is not a modern or merely American pastime: — A Shefeld thwitel bare he in his hose. Chaucer. Stow says that one Matthews on the Fleet Bridge was the first in England who made fine knives, and that he obtained an act, 1563, against the importation of foreign ones. Clasp or spring knives came to England from Flanders, and were common in 1650. In the manufacture of pocket-knives, a bar of steel destined to furnish a number of blades is heated to redness. A length is cut off, and the forger speedily motals this, that is, shapes it roughly into the form of a pocket-knife blade. Another heating is then required to fit the end for being fashioned into the tang, and another before the operation of smithing, the last stage of which is the stamping of the mark of the thumb-nail to facilitate opening. The tang is then ground and t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
three latter claimants had their supporters as the authors of the invention. Descartes, who lived near the time, supported the claims of Metius. Borelli, about 1650, examined the question, and decided in favor of Jansen and Lippersheim. Porta is said to have hastened his death, which happened in 1615, by the fatigue and anxie it to the natural position. Rheita was the first to employ the combination of three lenses, the terrestrial telescope. Suellius of Leyden, Descartes (1596 – 1650), and Leibnitz (1646 – 1716) stated the doctrine of refraction more or less fully; and Grimaldi, an Italian painter, demonstrated the ellipticity of the sun's imagthe plate and muniment chests of the old families. The letter-lock is a Dutch invention, but is ascribed, in the Memorabilia of Vanhagen von Euse, written about 1650, to Regnier, Director of the Musee d'artilleric at Paris. Regnier's locks were much esteemed, and the courier's dispatchboxes were fastened with them. They are,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
is ready for its place. 2. A plate of stone used by painters. A slab on which substances are levigated by a muller. 3. A stone or iron plate on which glass is rolled to shape it. A marver. 4. A printer's imposing-stone. 5. A style of coloring, for paper and book edges. See marble-paper. 6. Playing-marbles are made of clay, calcareous stone, marble, agate, etc. Some of stone were discovered at Pompeii. Playing-marbles were first introduced into England from Holland, about 1650. They are made in great quantities in Germany, and constitute a not unimportant article of trade. The stone is broken into fragments, which are sorted into sizes proportioned to that of the marbles to be made. These are then ground between a lower and stationary and an upper revolving millstone to remove asperities. They are next roughly rounded by friction against each other and against two cylinders of hard stone, one of which is caused to rotate at the rate of 40 to 45 turns per minute
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
ved in doubt, but it is said to have been introduced about 1543– 45, either by a Spanish negro or a native of India, who died without disclosing the secret of his process. It was recovered during the reign of Elizabeth, by Growse, a German. In 1650, Christopher Greening and a Mr. Damer established needle-factories at Long Crendon, near Redditch, and were soon followed by other needlemakers from London. Redditch is yet the great center of the English needle manufacture. The earliest neented by Bramah, 1806. It printed the numbers upon them consecutively at a rate which dispensed with the labor of 100 clerks out of 120 who were detailed for that duty during the issue of £ 1 notes. The foundation idea is that of Blaise Pascal (1650), and consists of disks or wheels decimally numbered on their peripheries, the whole mounted on one axle, upon which they turn freely, acting upon each other in serial order, as explained under arithmometer. The first wheel of the series containin
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
ntury. A planetarium is described in a letter from Angelo Politiano to his friend Francesco Casa, as seen by the former at Florence in the fifteenth century. The inventor was one Lorenzo of Florence, and the apparatus was constructed to illustrate the Ptolemaic theory of the heavens. The various parts were moved by trains of cog-wheels. Life of A. Politiano, published by Cadell and Davis, London, about 1800. A planetary clock was made by Finee, 1553, and a planetarium by De Rheita in 1650. Or′se-dew. Leaf metal of bronze. Dutch metal. Or′tho-graph. A drawing representing a structure in elevation, external or internal. The internal orthograph is usually termed a vertical section or sciagraph. The ground plan is the ichnograph. The view of the whole building, the scenograph. Or-tho-scop′ic lens. （Optics.) An arrangement of two achromatic compound lenses, separated by an interval. Or-tho-pae′dic Ap-pa-ra′tus. （Surgical.) A device to corr
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
ly analogous to the water-wheel of the worthy Dr. Barker, who left us a century back or thereabout, except that the fluid agent of one is steam and of the other water. The principle is the same, and the turbine invented by Fourneyron, in 1823, does not differ in its principle of action from the aeolipile of Hero, 150 B. C., or the reaction water-wheel of Barker, say A. D. 1740. We are much indebted to the worthy Otto Guericke, a magistrate of Magdeburg, for re-inventing the air-pump, about 1650; but Hero, 1,800 years before, had used an air-pump to condense air in a chamber above water to make an artificial fountain. The splendid French edition of Hero's Spiritalia was published in Paris during the reign of Louis XIV., — not so very long after the good burgher of Magdeburg had set the ball rolling again. What Archimedes did for the fleet of Marcellus at Syracuse, 212 B. C., Proclus did for the ships of Vitalian at Constantinople some 700 years afterward, and Buffon performs the sa
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