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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cabinet, President's (search)
President and the heads of departments, and also of the solicitor of the treasury. He is further charged with the superintendence of all United States district attorneys and marshals, with the examination of all applications to the President for pardons, and with the transfer of all land purchased by the United States for government buildings, etc. The name, Department of justice, by which this division of the cabinet is now largely known, was given to it about 1872. The Navy Department (1789) was at first included in the War Department, but in 1798 the two branches of the service were separated. Aug. 21, 1842, this department was organized into five bureaus— Seal of the Department of justice. the bureau of navy-yards and docks; of construction, equipment, and repair; of provisions and clothing; of ordnance and hydrography; of medicine and surgery. To these have since been added a bureau Seal of the Navy Department. of navigation, one of steam engineering, and one of recrui
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Caswell, Richard 1729-1789 (search)
Caswell, Richard 1729-1789 Military officer; born in Maryland, Aug. 3, 1729: went to North Carolina in 1746, and practised law there, serving in the Assembly from 1754 to 1771, and being speaker in 1770. In the battle of the Allamance he commanded Tryon's right wing, but soon afterwards identified himself with the cause of the patriots, and was a member of the Continental Congress (1774-75). For three years he was president of the Provincial Congress of North Carolina, and was governor of the State from 1777 to 1779. In February, 1776, he was in command of the patriot troops in the battle of Moore's Creek Bridge, and received the thanks of Congress and the commission of majorgeneral for the victory there achieved. He led the State troops in the battle near Camden (August, 1780); and was controller-general in 1782. He was again governor in 1784-86; and a member of the convention that framed the national Constitution. While presiding as speaker in the North Carolina Assembly he
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Champlin, Stephen 1789- (search)
Champlin, Stephen 1789- Naval officer; born in South Kingston, R. I., Nov. 17, 1789; went to sea when sixteen years old, and commanded a ship at twenty-two. In May, 1812, he was appointed sailing-master in the navy, and was first in command of a gunboat under Perry, at Newport, R. I., and was in service on Lake Ontario in the attacks on Little York (Toronto) and Fort George, in 1813. He joined Perry on Lake Erie, and commanded the sloop-of-war Scorpion in the battle on Sept. 10, 1813, firing the first and last gun in that action. He was the last surviving officer of that engagement. In the following spring, while blockading Mackinaw with the Tigress, he was attacked in the night by an overwhelming force, severely wounded, and made prisoner. His wound troubled him until his death, and he was disabled for any active service forever afterwards. He died in Buffalo, N. Y., Feb.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Clay, Henry 1777-1852 (search)
ess? And now, sir, let me go a little into detail with respect to sway in the councils of the nation, whether from the North or the South, during the sixty years of unparalleled prosperity that we have enjoyed. During the first twelve years of the administration of the government Northern counsels rather prevailed; and out of them sprang the Bank of the United States, the assumption of the State debts, bounties to the fisheries, protection to our domestic manufactures—I allude to the act of 1789—neutrality in the wars of Europe; Jay's treaty, the alien and sedition laws, and war with France. I do not say, sir, that these, the leading and prominent measures which were adopted during the administrations of Washington and the elder Adams, were carried exclusively by Northern counsels— they could not have been—but mainly by the ascendency which Northern counsels had obtained in the affairs of the nation. So, sir, of the later period—for the last fifty years. I do not mean to say
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Collins, John -1795 (search)
Collins, John -1795 Governor; born June 8, 1717; was an active patriot during the Revolutionary War; in 1776 was made a commissioner to arrange the accounts of Rhode Island with Congress; in 1778-83 was a member of the old Congress. and in 1786-89 governor of Rhode Island. He was then elected to the first Congress under the national Constitution, but did not take his seat. He died in Newport, R. I., March 8, 1795.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Connecticut (search)
to 1893 Luzon B. Morris1893 to 1895 O Vincent Coffin 1895 to 1897 Lorrin A. Cooke 1897 to 1899 George E. Lounsbury 1899 to 1901 George P. McLean 1901 to 1903 United States Senators. Name.No. of Congress.Date. Oliver Ellsworth 1st to 4th1789 to 1797 William S. Johnson 1st1789 to 1791 Roger Sherman 2d1791 to 1793 Stephen Nix Mitchell 3d1793 to 1795 James Hillhouse 4th to 11th1796 to 1811 Jonathan Trumbull4th1795 to 1796 Uriah Tracy 4th to 9th1796 to 1807 Chauncey Goodrich 10th t1789 to 1791 Roger Sherman 2d1791 to 1793 Stephen Nix Mitchell 3d1793 to 1795 James Hillhouse 4th to 11th1796 to 1811 Jonathan Trumbull4th1795 to 1796 Uriah Tracy 4th to 9th1796 to 1807 Chauncey Goodrich 10th to 12th1807 to 1813 Samuel W. Dana 11th to 16th1810 to 1821 David Daggett 13th to 15th1813 to 1819 James Lanman16th to 18th1819 to 1825 Elijah Boardman17th1821 to 1823 Henry W. Edwards 18th to 19th1823 to 1827 Calvin Willey 19th to 21st1825 to 1831 Samuel A. Foote 20th to 22d1827 to 1833 Gideon Tomlinson 22d to 24th1831 to 1837 Nathan Smith23d 1833 to 1835 John M. Niles 24th to 25th1835 to 1839 Perry Smith25th to 27th1837 to 1843 Thaddeus Betts 26th1839 to 1840 Jabez W. Huntington26
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Constitution of the United States (search)
e city of New York on the 4th of March, 1789, and were declared in force Dec. 15, 1791. The following preamble and resolution preceded the original proposition of the amendments, and as they have been supposed to have an important bearing on the construction of those amendments, they are here inserted. They will be found in the journals of the first session of the First Congress. Congress of the United States. Begun and held at the city of New York, on Wednesday, the 4th day of March, 1789. The conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added, and as extending the ground of public confidence in the government will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution: Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cooper, James Fenimore 1789-1851 (search)
Cooper, James Fenimore 1789-1851 Author; born in Burlington. N. J., Sept. 15, 1789: James Fenimore Cooper. studied at Yale College, but did not graduate. He was six years in the naval service. Choosing literature as a profession, he took the path of romance, and wrote and published in the course of his life thirty-two volumes of fiction, the most famous of which were his Leatherstocking tales. He wrote a History of the United States Navy, in 2 volumes; Lives of American naval officers; Battle of Lake Erie; Gleanings in Europe; Sketches of Switzerland; and a comedy. He died in Cooperstown, N. Y., Sept. 14. 1851.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cranch, William 1769- (search)
Cranch, William 1769- Jurist; born in Weymouth, Mass., July 17, 1769; graduated at Harvard in 1789; admitted to the bar in 1790; appointed judge of the circuit court of the District of Columbia in 1801; chiefjustice of the same court in 1805, which office he held until his death, Sept. 1, 1855.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Curtis, George William 1824- (search)
spirit struggled desperately to obtain possession of the national administration from the day of Jefferson's inauguration to that of Jackson's, when it succeeded. Its first great but undesigned triumph was the decision of the first Congress, in 1789, vesting the sole power of removal in the President, a decision which placed almost every position in the civil service unconditionally at his pleasure. This decision was determined by the weight of Madison's authority. But Webster, nearly fifty year in which the second great triumph of the spoils system was gained, by the passage of the law which, under the plea of securing greater responsibility in certain financial offices, limited such offices to a term of four years. The decision of 1789. which gave the sole power of removal to the President, required positive executive action to effect removal; but this law of 1820 vacated all the chief financial offices, with all the places dependent upon them, during the term of every Presiden
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