hot blast, in 1838, 1839, and succeeded in producing about two tons per day. The Pioneer furnace at Pottsville was blown July, 1839.
The first iron-works in America were established near Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619.
In 1622, however, the works were destroyed, and the workmen, with their families, massacred by the Indians.
The next attempt was at Lynn, Massachusetts, on the banks of the Saugus, in 1648.
The ore used was the bog ore, still plentiful in that locality.
At these works Joseph Jenks, a native of Hammersmith, England, in 1652, by order of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, coined silver shillings, sixpences, and threepences, known as the pine-tree coinage, from the device of a pine-tree on one face.
Of the special processes for treating and purifying, a few may be cited:—
Smelting by blast with charcoal, pit-coal, and coke, and with the addition of limestone or shells as a flux, have been noted.
See supra; also blastfurnace.
Puddling and boiling, somewhat
In other cases, as a means of assembling, as the key-ring, split-ring.
Other applications are common and obvious.
2. A kind of handle for drawers, etc. It is hinged above, and falls into a groove when not in use, so as to be flush with the surface, a. Fig. 4331.
Rings.
3. (Nautical.) The appendage by which the cable is attached to the anchor by means of the shackle on the end of the chain-cable, called the anchor-shackle.
See anchor.
Ring and Trav′el-er Spin′--ning-frame.
Jenks's ring-spinner is a modern machine.
It is employed, like the throstle, for spinning warpyarns; it makes a cop resembling that made by the mule, and, like the latter, its bobbin is adapted for the shuttle.
The spindles are arranged vertically in the frame, and project through apertures in a horizontal bar. A flanged ridge around each aperture forms a ring, and affords a track for a little steel hoop called a traveler, which is sprung over the ring. The traveler guides the thread on to the s
58.
23,285BoyntonMar. 15, 1859.
24,027HookMay.
17, 1859.
24,061SpencerMay.
17, 1859.
24,973JenksAug. 2, 1859.
25,013HarrisonAug. 9, 1859.
25,262HarrisonAug. 26, 1859.
30,854HandieDec. 4, 186.
1.
(e.) Loop-Taker operated by Needle.
No.Name.Date.
12,923RobertsonMay 22, 1855.
18,285Jenks et al.Sept. 29, 1857.
18,350Nettleton et al.Oct. 6, 1857.
19,535SangsterMar. 2, 1858.
19,723S,236Lewis et al.July 14, 1863.
80,908CallenAug. 11, 1868.
110,267MoffittDec. 20, 1870.
114,442JenksMay 2, 1871.
115,124SmithMay 23, 1871.
(Reissue.)4,571PalmerOct. 3, 1871.
122,858SheldenJa, 1861.
31,645MarshMar. 5, 1861.
31,878DownerApr. 2, 1861.
32,035WhitcombApr. 9, 1861.
32,519JenksJune 11, 1861.
32,710PaddockJuly 23, 1861.
35,972EnsignJuly 22, 1862.
37,505HenryJan. 27, 1863us, in 1648.
The ore used was the bog ore, still plentiful in that locality.
At these works Joseph Jenks, a native of Hammersmith, England, in 1652, by order of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, co