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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Farming by electricity. (search)
urrent to stimulate the growth of the plants. While nothing very practical has yet been accomplished in this field, the reports of the experiment farms and stations warrant one in believing that something definite may yet come out of all the labor and trouble expended. The electric garden may be a future novelty that will have for its chief recommendation a real practical utility. Many years ago several European scientists made experiments with electricity upon plant life. Lemstrom in Finland, Spechneff in southern Russia, and Celi in France, worked independently along the same line, applying the electric current to the seeds and the soil in which the plants were growing, and to the air immediately above the surface of the soil. Spechneff, by applying the electric current to the seeds and afterwards to the soil, raised radishes 17 inches long and 5 1/2 inches in diameter. The colors of flowers were also intensified or changed according to the power and distance of the current,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Immigration. (search)
igration statistics. During the period 1789-1820, when no thorough oversight was exercised, it is estimated that the number of immigrants into the United States aggregated 250,000; and during the period 1820-1900 the aggregate was 19,765,155. The nationality of immigrants in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, was as follows: Austria-Hungary, 114,847; German Empire, 18,507; Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia, 100,135; Norway, 9,575; Sweden, 18,650; Rumania, 6,459; Russian Empire and Finland, 90,787; England, 9,951; Ireland, 35,730; Scotland, 1,792; Wales, 764; Japan, 12,635; Turkey in Asia, 3,962; West Indies, 4,656; all other countries, 20,122; total, 448,572. High-water mark was reached in 1882, when the immigrants numbered 788,992. In 1892 the steady decline was checked, with a total of 623,084. The lowest number of arrivals in the period of 1867-1900 was 141,857 in 1877, and in the period 1880-1900, 229,299 in 1898. Immigration act of 1891. This measure, in amen