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George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 2: (search)
oisherbert, French Commandant at St. John's, to Colonel Cornwallis, 16 August, 1749. Cornwallis to Lords of Trade, 20 August, 1749. and the claim to the coast as far west as the Kennebeck had never been abandoned. La Galissoniere to Col. Mascarene, 15 January, 1749. At the West, also, France had uniformly and frankly claimed the whole basin of the Saint Lawrence and of the Mississippi, and in proof of its right- chap. II.} 1748. ful possession pointed to its castles at Crown Point, at Niagara, among the Miamis, and within the borders of Louisiana. Ever regarding the friendship of the Six Nations as a bulwark essential to security, La Galissoniere, the governor-general of Canada, insisted on treating with them as the common allies of the French and English; La Galissoniere to Clinton, 25 August, 1748. Shirley to Board of Trade, 28 October, 1748. and proposed direct negotiations with them for liberating their captive warriors. When Clinton and Shirley claimed the delivery of
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 4: (search)
their traders were to undersell the British; in the summer of 1751, they launched an armed vessel of unusual size on Lake Ontario, Memorial on Indian Affairs in Clinton to Lords of Trade, 1 October, 1751. and converted their trading-house at Niagara into a fortress; Clinton to De la Jonquiere, 12 June, 1751. De la Jonquiere to Clinton, 10 August. Alexander's Remarks on the Letters, sent to Dr. Mitchell. they warned the governor of Pennsylvania, La Jonquiere to Governor Hamilton, of a. The permission to build a fort at the junction of the two rivers that form the Ohio, was due to the alarm awakened by the annually increasing power of France, which already ruled Lake Ontario with armed vessels, held Lake Erie by a fort at Niagara, and would suffer no Western tribe to form alliances but with themselves. The English were to be excluded from the valley of the Miamis; and in pursuance of that resolve, on the morning of the summer solstice, two Frenchmen, with two hundred an
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 5: (search)
io valley, the Indians on the banks of that river,—promiscuous bands of Delawares, Shawnees, and Mingoes, or emigrant Iroquois,—after a council at Logstown, resolved to stay the progress of the white men. Their envoy met the French, in April, at Niagara, and gave them the first warning to turn back. As the message sent from the council-fires of the tribes was unheeded, Tanacharisson, the Half-King, himself repaired to them at the newly discovered harbor of Erie, and, undismayed by a rude recepnd envoys of the Delawares, moved onwards to the post of the French at Venango. The officers there avowed the purpose of taking possession of the Ohio; and they mingled the praises of La Salle with boasts of their forts at Le Boeuf and Erie, at Niagara, Toronto, and Frontenac. The English, said they, can raise two men to our one; but they are too dilatory to prevent any enterprise of ours. The Delawares were intimidated or debauched; but the Half-King clung to Washington like a brother, and
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 6: (search)
lly the spirit of emancipation was prevailing, and their masters began the work of setting them free, because they had no contract for their labor, and liberty was their right. But New-York was at this time the central point of political interest. Its position invited it to foster American union. Having the most convenient harbor on the Atlantic, with bays expanding on either hand, and a navigable river penetrating the interior, it held the keys of Canada and the Lakes. Crown Point and Niagara, monuments of French ambition, were encroachments upon its limits. Its unsurveyed inland frontier, sweeping round on the north, disputed with New Hampshire the land between Lake Champlain and the Connecticut, and extended into unmea- chap. VI.} 1754. sured distances in the west. Within its bosom, at Onondaga, burned the council-fire of the Six Nations, whose irregular bands had seated themselves near Montreal, on the northern shore of Ontario, and on the Ohio; whose hunters roamed over
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 8: (search)
warriors in British pay, and to conduct an army of provincial militia and Indians against Crown Point; Shirley proposed to win laurels by driving the French from Niagara; while the commander-in-chief himself was to recover the Ohio Valley and the Northwest. Soon after Braddock sailed from Europe, the French also sent a fleet wiings of his successes by an express in June. At Fredericktown, where he halted for carriages, he said to Franklin, After taking Fort Duquesne, I am to proceed to Niagara, and, having taken that, to Frontenac. Duquesne can hardly detain me above three or four days, and then I see nothing that can obstruct my march to Niagara. TheNiagara. The Indians are dexterous in laying and executing ambuscades, replied Franklin, who remembered the French invasion of the Chickasaws, and the death of Artaguette and Vincennes. The savages, answered Braddock, may be formidable to your raw American militia; upon the king's regulars and disciplined troops it is impossible they should m
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 9: (search)
less fort of wood near Lake George. When winter approached, he left six hundred men as a garrison, and dismissed the New England militia to their firesides. Of the enterprise against Western New York Shirley assumed the conduct. The fort at Niagara was but a house, almost in ruins, surrounded by a small ditch and a rotten palisade of seven or eight feet high. The garrison was but of thirty men, most of them scarcely provided with muskets. There Shirley, with an effective force of little er, who knew nothing of war. In the security of a congress of governors at New York, he in December planned a splendid campaign for the following year. Quebec was to be menaced by way of the Kennebec and the Chaudiere; Frontenac and Toronto and Niagara were to be taken; and then Fort. Duquesne and Detroit and Michilimackinac, deprived of their communications, were of course to surrender. Sharpe, of Maryland, thought all efforts vain, unless parliament should interfere; and this opinion he en
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 11: (search)
hborhood; only at its head, near the centre of a wider opening between its mountains, Fort William Henry stood on its bank, almost on a level with the lake. Lofty hills overhung and commanded the wild scene, but heavy artillery had not as yet accompanied war-parties into the wilderness. Some of the Six Nations preserved their neutrality, but the Oneidas danced the war-dance with Vaudreuil. We will try the hatchet of our father on the English, to see if it cuts well, said the Senecas of Niagara; and when Johnson complained of depredations on his cattle, You begin crying quite early, they answered; you will soon see other things. Vaudreuil to the Minister, 13 July, 1757. The English have built a fort on the lands of Onontio, spoke Vaudreuil, governor of New France, to a congress at Montreal of the warriors of three and-thirty nations, who had come together, some from the rivers of Maine and Acadia, some from the wilderness of Lake Huron and Lake Superior. I am ordered, he co
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 13: (search)
he Americans, and afterwards assisted in parliament to tax the witnesses of his pusillanimity. Canada was exhausted. Peace, peace, was the cry; no matter with what boundaries. I have not chap XIII.} 1758. lost courage, wrote Montcalm, nor have my troops; we are resolved to find our graves under the ruins of the colony. Pitt, who had carefully studied the geography of North America, knew that the success of Bradstreet had gained the dominion of Lake Ontario and opened the avenue to Niagara; and he turned his mind from the defeat at Ticonderoga, to see if the banner of England was already waving over Fort Duquesne. For the conquest of the Ohio valley he relied mainly on the central provinces. Loudoun had reported the contumacy of Maryland, where the Assembly had insisted on an equitable assessment, as a most violent attack on his Majesty's prerogative. I am persuaded, urged Sharpe on his official correspondent in England, if the parliament of Great Britain was to compel us
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 16: (search)
erms; but for civil liberty no stipulation was even thought of. Thus Canada, under the forms of a despotic administration, came into the possession of England by conquest; and in a conquered country the law was held to be the pleasure of the king. On the fifth day after the capitulation, Rogers departed with two hundred rangers to carry English banners to the upper posts. Rogers: Journals, 197. At Frontenac, now Kingston, an Indian hunting-party brought them wild fowl and venison. At Niagara, they provided themselves with the fit costume of the wilderness. From Erie in the chilly days of November they went forward in boats, being the first considerable party of men whose tongue was the English that ever spread sails on Lake Erie or swept it with their oars. The Indians on the Lakes were at peace, united under Pontiac, the great chief of the Ottawas, happy in a country fruitful of corn and abounding in game. As the Americans advanced triumphantly towards the realms where the