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Emil Schalk, A. O., The Art of War written expressly for and dedicated to the U.S. Volunteer Army., Mixed operations. (search)
ar the spot chosen by Massena; their position is shown in the plan. Near Hongg 1000 cavalry were stationed. The extreme left was formed by a reserve of 3000 men near Schwamendingen. The headquarters of Kutusoff were in Zurich. Two corps, composed of 5600 men, under General Gortschakoff, were placed on the left side of the Limmat, between Wollishofen and Siehfeld. 3000 men were near Kloten; the remaining 5000 men were opposed to Soult on the upper part of the Lake of Zurich. Massena's passage of the Limmat 25 Sept 1799. The Russians had disposed many pickets along the Limmat, and had placed a sentry at nearly every 100 yards. The position of the French was:-- The division of Mortier, 6000 men, opposed to General Gortschakoff. The 5th division, General Lorges, 12,000 men, distributed from Schlieren to Baden. The 6th division, General Menard, 8000 men, at Baden and on the lower banks of the river. The reserve, division of Klein, in the Frickthal. Th
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 2: Strategy.—General divisions of the Art.—Rules for planning a Campaign.—Analysis of the military operations of Napoleon (search)
of operation. Strategic positions are such as are taken up during the operations of a war, either by a corps d'armee or grand detachment, for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force; they are named thus to distinguish them from tactical positions or fields of battle. The positions of Napoleon at Rivoli, Verona, and Legnano, in 1796 and 1797, to watch the Adige; his positions on the Passarge, in 1807, and in Saxony and Silesia in front of his line of defence, in 1813; and Massena's positions on the Albis, along the Limmat and the Aar, in 1799, are examples under this head. Before proceeding further it may be well to illustrate the strategic relations of lines and positions by the use of diagrams. (Fig. 1.) The army at A covers the whole of the ground in rear of the line Dc perpendicular to the line Ab, the position of the enemy being at B. (Fig. 2.) Aj being equal to Bj, A will still cover every thing in rear of Dc. (Fig. 3.) If the Army A is obliged to
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 14: field-engineering.—Field Fortifications.—Military Communications.—Military Bridges.—Sapping, Mining, and the attack and defence of a fortified place (search)
g craft of this character. A well-organized army will always carry in its train the means of effecting a certain and speedy passage of all water-courses that may intercept its line of march. Flying-bridges or rowboats were employed in the passage of the Dwina, in 1701, by the Swedes; the passage of the Po, in 1701, by Prince Eugene; the passage of the Rhine, at Huninguen, in 1704; Jourdan's passage of the Rhine in 1795; Moreau's passage in 1796; the sieges of Kehl and Huninguen in 1797; Massena's passage of the Limmat, and Soult's passage of the Linth, in 1799; the passage of the Rhine, at Lucisteig, in 1800; the passage of the Po, by the French, just before the battle of Marengo; and others in Italy, Germany, and Spain, in the subsequent campaigns of Napoleon. Military bridges have sometimes been formed of ropes, cables stretched across the stream, and firmly attached at each end to trees, or posts let into the earth. If the shore is of rock, rings with staples let into the s
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Engineering. (search)
that respect. Although many times as long as the Boston subway, it will be built in nearly the same time. The design, where in earth, may be compared to that of a steel office building 20 miles long, laid flat on one of its sides. The construction of power-houses for developing energy from coal and from falling water requires much engineering ability. The Niagara power-house is intended to develop 100,000 horse-power; that at the Sault Ste. Marie as much; that on the St. Lawrence, at Massena, 70,000 horse-power. These are huge works, requiring tunnels, rock-cut chambers, and masonry and concrete in walls and dams. They cover large extents of territory. The contrast in size of the coal-using power-houses is interesting. The new power-house now building by the Manhattan Elevated Railway, in New York, develops in the small space of 200 by 400 feet 100,000 horse-power, or as much power as that utilized at Niagara Falls. One of the most useful materials which modern engineer
The Daily Dispatch: June 7, 1864., [Electronic resource], article 2 (search)
nœuvre by which he hoped to retrieve it, repeated on an enormously extended scale. Massena had but one path by which he could have avoided bloodshed. Grant had three. Massena fought but one unsuccessful battle; Grant has fought eight or ten. Massena's unnecessary battle cost him at most eight or ten thousand men. Grant's cost him, at the lowest estimate, 75,000 men. If Massena blundered greatly, Grant has blundered enormously.--He has thus far shown the qualities of a mad bull, who shuts bo-He has thus far shown the qualities of a mad bull, who shuts both eyes, and rushes upon the hunter with the lasco ready prepared for ensuring him. We have presented this parallel because we have heard it said that Grant manifested great talent in slinking off by his left, after he had in vain attempted to drive his enemy by a front attack. Yet the very same manœuvre destroyed the reputation of Massena with all military men. Massena's worst blunder is, it seems, Grant's wisest manœuvre