Named Entity Results, 49 BC

dwells, however, with most pleasure upon Cicero's treatment of his personal dependents. Not only his favorite freedman Tiro, but the very slaves of his household enjoyed his kindness and generosity. 50. This sympathetic sensitiveness in Cicero's nature gives to his character its special charm, and constitutes at the same time its principal weakness. Those moments of exaltation and of depression, those periods when he helplessly fluctuates between different courses of action,E.g. in 58 and 49 B.C. Cf. introductory note to Epist. X. find their explanation in this quality. His humor is determined by the circumstances of the moment. He lacks, therefore, the calm poise of the less impressionable nature. He fails to give things their proper proportions, and consequently his forecasts of the future are generally either too sanguine or too gloomy. It was this quality, of course, which made him an opportunist in politics. A man so constituted could find real pleasure only in Rome. He

ends. Terentia and Publilia. 52. A fair knowledge of the relations existing between Cicero and his wife Terentia may be gained from the letters of Bk. 14, ad Fam. all of which are addressed to her. In the early letters of this correspondence written in 58 B.C., after twenty years of married life, Cicero expresses himself in most affectionate terms. After this date, with the exception of one letter in 50 B.C., which is mainly upon business matters, there are no letters to Terentia up to 49 B.C., although this interval includes the period of his proconsulship, when he wrote so many letters to his personal and political friends. Even the letters of the year 49, when Cicero was in so much anxiety, are very infrequent. The rest of the letters of Bk. 14, belonging to the next two years, are brief and formal. It appears that an estrangement gradually grew up between them which culminated in their divorce in the early part of 46 B.C. In December of the same year he married his rich w

was written in the dative, sometimes with his title and the place where he could be found, e.g. M. Lucretio flamini Martis decurioni Pompeus.From a Pompeian wall-painting preserved in the Museum at Naples. 64. Letters were often written by secretaries from dictation, but most of Cicero's letters to Atticus and Quintus at least were written with his own hand; for in 59 B.C. he writes to Atticus: numquam ante arbitror te epistulam meam legisse, nisi mea manu scriptam Att. 2.23.1.; and in 49 B.C.: lippitudinis meae signum tibi sit librarii manus Att. 8.13.1.; and in 54 B.C. to Quintus: scribis enim te meas litteras superiores vix legere potuisse, in quo nihil eorum, mi frater, fuit quae putas; neque enim occupatus eram neque perturbatus nec iratus alicui, sed hoc facio semper ut, quicumque calamus in manus meas venerit, eo sic utar tamquam bono. Q. fr. 2.14 (15b). 1; Cf. also 2.15 (16).1. During the latter part of his life, however, especially during the years 44 and 43 B.C., even

a sale was in the hands of a magister auctionis, who kept a record of the articles sold and in general was the legal representative of the owner. L. Pontius (Aquila): in later years an active opponent of Caesar and one of the conspirators against him. He was killed near Mutina, in the battle against Antony, in which Hirtius fell (Fam. 30.33.4). adessem: in the legal sense of appearing as an advocatus. L. Domitium (Ahenobarbum) : best known as the commandant of the fortress of Corfinium in 49 B.C. The loss of this town through the irresolution and cowardice of Domitius removed the main obstacle in the way of Caesar's march to Rome. The intense interest felt by the Pompeians at that time in his fate is plainly indicated by Att. 8.12c; 8.7; 8.8. He was killed while fleeing from Pharsalus. in nostris petitionibus: Marcus Cicero had been quaestor, aedile, and praetor; Quintus had probably held the quaestorship and aedileship. ambitio nostra, my political hopes. illo: i.e. Satyro. off

ir frequency in colloquial language is due to the fact that they enabled a writer to avoid a long Latin expression; cf. Intr 95 proposuit: has offered for sale. Lucceius: not the historian This Lucceius was so heavily in debt (Att. 5.21.13) that he proposed to sell his Tusculan villa nisi forte: etc., see Crit. Append tibicine: roof-tree (lit. pillar supporting t oof) cf Festus, 1.558 ed. de Ponor; Juv 3.193. Lentulum: his indebtedness is mentioned by Caesar B. C. 1.4. He was consul in 49 B.C. , accompanied Pompey to Greece, and after the battle of Pharsalus was put to death by King Ptolemy in Egypt; cf. Caes. B. C. 3.104.3. cupio etiam Sestium : sc. expeditum videre. Sestium: see Ep. XVI. 5 f. sis: for si vis, as frequently in Latin comedy and satire. Cf. sultis for si vultis. ai)/desqen, etc.: from Il. 7.93. As the leaders of the Greeks were afraid to accept and ashamed to decline the challenge of Hector, so the leading Optimates were afraid to accept but loath to decline C

ans at dinner; cf. Macrob. Sat. 2.4.28. In earlier times the music was of a simpler sort. Cf. Quint. 1.10.20 sed veterum quoque Romanorum epulis fides ac tibias adhibere moris fuit. For musical entertainments on similar occasions, cf. Juv. 11.180; Plin. Ep. 1.15.2; Gellius, 19.9. 4. in quartam hebdomada: every seventh day was regarded as a critical period in an illness. Tiro had suffered from three of these hebdomadal attacks. honos, his fee. me curaturum: Curius as a banker would have correspondents in Rome, and Cicero proposed to pay one of these correspondents the sum which Curius might pay out in settling the bill for medical attendance. reliqui: epistolary perfect. ex K. Ian.: the consuls for 49 B.C. were inclined to take vigorous measures against Caesar. cautus sis: cf. Intr. 84b. mi Tiro: cf. mi Pomponi, Ep. X. n. cum Mescinio: sc. naviga. noster Tiro: the other members of Cicero's family often join in the valedictory address to him. vale salve: cf. Ep. XXXIX. 4 (end).

Letter XLII: ad familiares 16.11 Near Rome, Jan. 12, 49 B.C. Cicero reached Rome, after his absence in Cilicia, Jan. 4, 49 B.C. (cf. 2), but, being anxious to obtain a triumph, remained without the city. This enabled him to avoid participating in the exciting debates which took place in the senate Jan. 1-2 and 5-6, and left him free to negotiate for peace between Caesar and Pompey. On Jan. 1 Curio, Caesar's representative, laid before the senate a proposition to the effect that Caesar sho49 B.C. (cf. 2), but, being anxious to obtain a triumph, remained without the city. This enabled him to avoid participating in the exciting debates which took place in the senate Jan. 1-2 and 5-6, and left him free to negotiate for peace between Caesar and Pompey. On Jan. 1 Curio, Caesar's representative, laid before the senate a proposition to the effect that Caesar should be allowed to sue for the consulship while absent from the city, in accordance with the special law passed in 52 B.C. granting him that privilege (cf. Intr. 26), or if it should be considered necessary for him to give up his army and provinces, that Pompey should be required to do the same. Although this document was read in the senate, the consuls refused to allow a vote upon it, and after fiery speeches by Lentulus, Scipio, and others, it was voted uti ante certam diem (July 1, 49) Caesa

Letter XLIII: ad familiares 14.14 Minturnae, Jan. 23, 49 B.C. ille: i.e. Caesar. ut Dolabella possit: Dolabella, Tullia's husband, had joined Caesar's party, and could therefore protect Terentia and Tullia from Caesar's followers. vestri similes: i.e. of your rank. praedus: see Intr. 45. Camillo: C. Furius Camillus, a legal friend of Cicero. ad summam, in short; a frequent colloquial phrase. Cf. Fam. 8.14.4; Att. 14.1.1; Petron. 2, 37, 45, etc. Labienus, etc.: cf. Fam. 16.12.4 (Caesar) maximam autem plagam accepit, quod is qui summam auctoritatem in illius exercitu habebat, T. Labienus, socius sceleris esse noluit; reliquit illum et nobiscum est, multique idem facturi esse dicuntur; cf. also Att. 7.13.1 and Caes. B.C. 8.52; B. C. 3.13. Piso: L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, whose daughter Calpurnia was the wife of Caesar. Piso was consul in 58 B.C. , and joined Cicero's enemies in helping to banish him. Cicero retaliated in the Or. in Pison. Rufus: probably Mescinius Rufus; cf.

Letter XLIV: ad Atticum 8.12d Luceria, Feb.17, 49 B.C. Caesar crossed the boundary of his province Jan. 10, 49 B.C. (Nov. 22, 50 B.C. , according to the Julian calendar), with a force of five cohorts, which had increased to 40,000 men by Feb.14, when he arrived before Corfinium. In this town and its vicinity there were thirty-one cohorts (cf. Att. 8.12A. 1), mainly under the command of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus (cf. Ep. 1.3 n.), designated as Caesar's successor in Transalpine Gaul. Confidently49 B.C. (Nov. 22, 50 B.C. , according to the Julian calendar), with a force of five cohorts, which had increased to 40,000 men by Feb.14, when he arrived before Corfinium. In this town and its vicinity there were thirty-one cohorts (cf. Att. 8.12A. 1), mainly under the command of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus (cf. Ep. 1.3 n.), designated as Caesar's successor in Transalpine Gaul. Confidently expecting the arrival of Pompey, to whom he had sent letters describing his imminent danger, Domitius had neglected all preparations for defense. This letter from Pompey, declining to come to his relief, decided the fate of the town, which was delivered over to Caesar after a siege of seven days. Thus the last obstacle in the way of Caesar's advance into southern Italy was removed. The intense interest with which the Pompeians watched the course of events at Corfinium indicates the supreme i