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218 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
supposition is con firmed by the fact that Cicero speaks (Cato, 14) of the Pseudolus, which was acted in. B. C.191, as written by Plattus when he was an old man, an epithet which Cicero would certainly have given to no one under thirty years of age; and also by the circumstance that in another passage of Cicero (quoted by Augustine, De Cix. Dci, 2.9), Plautus and Naevius are spoken of as the contemporaries of P. and Cn. Scipio, of whom the former was consul in B. C. 222, and the latter in B. C. 218. The principal objection to the above mentioned date for the birth of Plautus, arises from a passage of Cicero, in his Tusculan Disputations (i. l), according to which it would appear that Plautus and Naevius were younger than Ennius, who was born in B. C. 239. But we know that this cannot be true of Naevius; and Ritschl has shown that the passage, when rightly interpreted, refers to Livius, and not to Ennius, being older than Naevius and Plautus. Indeed, Cicero, in another of his works (B
134 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
enial office of a grinder at a mill for the sake of obtaining a livelihood. On the contrary, it is much more probable that the comedies which he composed in the mill, were the first that he ever wrote, and that the reputation and money which he acquired by them enablled him to abandon his menial mode of life. The age of Plautus has been a subject of no small controversy. Cicero says (Brut. 15) that he died in the consulship of P. Claudius and L. Porcins, when Cato was censor, that is, in B. C. 134 ; and there is no reason to doubt this express statement. It is true that Hieronymus, in the Chronicon of Eusebius, places his death in the 145th Olympiad, fourteen years earlier (B. C. 200); but the dates of Hieronymus are frequently erroneous, and this one in particular deserves all the less credit, inscription, since we know that the Pseudolus was not represeated till B. C. 191, and the Bacchides somewhat later, according to the probable supposition of Ritschl. But though the date of Pl
254 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
certain, the time of his birth is a more doubtful point. Ritschl, who has examined the subject with great diligence and acumen in his essay De Aetate Plauti, supposes that he was born about the beginning of the sixth century of the city (about B. C. 254), and that he commenced his career as a comic poet about B. C. 224, when he was thirty years of age. This supposition is con firmed by the fact that Cicero speaks (Cato, 14) of the Pseudolus, which was acted in. B. C.191, as written by Plattus itten Arsin., subsequently Arsinii, and finally Asinii. Having thus discussed the chief points connected with the life of our poet, we may sum up the results in a few words. T. Maccius Plautus was born at the Umbrian village of Sarsina, about B. C. 254. He probably came to Rome at an early age, since he displays such a perfect mastery of the Latin language, and an acquaintance with Greek literature, which he could hardly have acquired in a provincial town. Whether he ever obtained the Roman f
200 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
ever wrote, and that the reputation and money which he acquired by them enablled him to abandon his menial mode of life. The age of Plautus has been a subject of no small controversy. Cicero says (Brut. 15) that he died in the consulship of P. Claudius and L. Porcins, when Cato was censor, that is, in B. C. 134 ; and there is no reason to doubt this express statement. It is true that Hieronymus, in the Chronicon of Eusebius, places his death in the 145th Olympiad, fourteen years earlier (B. C. 200); but the dates of Hieronymus are frequently erroneous, and this one in particular deserves all the less credit, inscription, since we know that the Pseudolus was not represeated till B. C. 191, and the Bacchides somewhat later, according to the probable supposition of Ritschl. But though the date of Plautus's death seems certain, the time of his birth is a more doubtful point. Ritschl, who has examined the subject with great diligence and acumen in his essay De Aetate Plauti, supposes tha
184 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
ies obliged him to enter the service of a baker. who employed him in turning a hand-mill. While in this degrading occupation he wrote three plays, the sale of which to the managers of the public games enabled him to quit his drudgery, and begin his literary career. He was then probably about 30 years of age (B. C. 224), and accordingly commenced writing comedies a few years before the breaking out of the Second Punic War. He continued his literary occupation for about forty years. and died B. C. 184, when he was seventy years of age. His contemporaries at first were Livins Andronicus and Naevius, afterwards Ennius and Caecilius: Terence did not rise into notice till almost twenty years after his death. During the long time that he held possession of the stage, he was always a great favourite of the people; and he expressed a bold consciousness of his own powers in the epitaph which he wrote for his tomb, and which has been preserved by A. Gellius (1.24):-- Postquam est mortem aptus Pl
197 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
know that this cannot be true of Naevius; and Ritschl has shown that the passage, when rightly interpreted, refers to Livius, and not to Ennius, being older than Naevius and Plautus. Indeed, Cicero, in another of his works (Brut. 13.23), * Read "cui si aequalis fuerit," and not "cui quum aequalis fuerit." makes Plantns somewhat (aliqstanto,) older than Ennius, and states that Naevins and Plautus had exhibited many plays before the consulship of C. Cornelius and Q. Minncius, that is, before B. C. 197. Moreover, from the way in which Naevius and Plautus are mentioned together, we may conclude that the latter was older than Ennius. Tereince, therefore, in his Prologue to the Andria (5.18), hs preserved the chronological order, when he speaks of "Naevium, Plautum, Ennium." We may safely assign the second Punic war and a few years subsequently, as the flourishing period of the literary life of Plautus. It is a curious fact that the full name of the poet has been erroneously given in all
79 AD (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
ive Aulularia, incerti auctoris comoedia togata," Amsterdam, 1829. Reception The comedies of Plautus enjoyed unrivalled popularity among the Romans. Of this we have a proof in their repeated representations after the poet's death, to which we have already alluded. In a house at Pompeii a ticket was found for admission to the representation of the Casina of Plautus (see Orelli, Inscript. No. 2539), which must consequently have been performed at that time, shortly before its destruction in A. D. 79; and we learn from Arnobius that the Amphitruo was acted in the reign of Diocletian. The continued popularity of Plautus, through so many centuries, was owing, in a great measure, to his being a national poet. For though his comedies belong to the Comoedia palliata, and were taken, for the most part, from the poets of the new Attic comedy, we should do great injustice to Plautus if we regarded him as a slavish imitator of the Greeks. Though he founds his plays upon Greek models, the charact
222 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
was thirty years of age. This supposition is con firmed by the fact that Cicero speaks (Cato, 14) of the Pseudolus, which was acted in. B. C.191, as written by Plattus when he was an old man, an epithet which Cicero would certainly have given to no one under thirty years of age; and also by the circumstance that in another passage of Cicero (quoted by Augustine, De Cix. Dci, 2.9), Plautus and Naevius are spoken of as the contemporaries of P. and Cn. Scipio, of whom the former was consul in B. C. 222, and the latter in B. C. 218. The principal objection to the above mentioned date for the birth of Plautus, arises from a passage of Cicero, in his Tusculan Disputations (i. l), according to which it would appear that Plautus and Naevius were younger than Ennius, who was born in B. C. 239. But we know that this cannot be true of Naevius; and Ritschl has shown that the passage, when rightly interpreted, refers to Livius, and not to Ennius, being older than Naevius and Plautus. Indeed, Cicer
239 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
y the circumstance that in another passage of Cicero (quoted by Augustine, De Cix. Dci, 2.9), Plautus and Naevius are spoken of as the contemporaries of P. and Cn. Scipio, of whom the former was consul in B. C. 222, and the latter in B. C. 218. The principal objection to the above mentioned date for the birth of Plautus, arises from a passage of Cicero, in his Tusculan Disputations (i. l), according to which it would appear that Plautus and Naevius were younger than Ennius, who was born in B. C. 239. But we know that this cannot be true of Naevius; and Ritschl has shown that the passage, when rightly interpreted, refers to Livius, and not to Ennius, being older than Naevius and Plautus. Indeed, Cicero, in another of his works (Brut. 13.23), * Read "cui si aequalis fuerit," and not "cui quum aequalis fuerit." makes Plantns somewhat (aliqstanto,) older than Ennius, and states that Naevins and Plautus had exhibited many plays before the consulship of C. Cornelius and Q. Minncius, that is
191 BC (search for this): entry plautus-bio-1
ays (Brut. 15) that he died in the consulship of P. Claudius and L. Porcins, when Cato was censor, that is, in B. C. 134 ; and there is no reason to doubt this express statement. It is true that Hieronymus, in the Chronicon of Eusebius, places his death in the 145th Olympiad, fourteen years earlier (B. C. 200); but the dates of Hieronymus are frequently erroneous, and this one in particular deserves all the less credit, inscription, since we know that the Pseudolus was not represeated till B. C. 191, and the Bacchides somewhat later, according to the probable supposition of Ritschl. But though the date of Plautus's death seems certain, the time of his birth is a more doubtful point. Ritschl, who has examined the subject with great diligence and acumen in his essay De Aetate Plauti, supposes that he was born about the beginning of the sixth century of the city (about B. C. 254), and that he commenced his career as a comic poet about B. C. 224, when he was thirty years of age. This supp
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