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gather, in woods, thickets, mud, and water, 6700 muskets and rifles. The Union position at Fair Oaks was, in general, maintained on both days of the battle. Part of the field at Seven Pines was regained on the second day (June 1st) by the troops of General Heintzelman, who reported that our troops pushed as far forward as the battle-field of the previous day, where they found many of our wounded and those of the enemy. General Daniel E. Sickles, who led the advance on Seven Pines on the 1st, states in his report that the fields were strewn with Enfield rifles, marked Tower, 1862, and muskets, marked Virginia, thrown away by the enemy in his hurried retreat. In the camp occupied by General Casey and General Couch on Saturday, before the battle of Seven Pines, we found rebel caissons filled with ammunition, a large number of small-arms and several baggage wagons.--Editors. Besides, the Federal army had been advancing steadily until the Major-General Gustavus W. Smith, C. S. A.
the Chickahominy immediately after the affair of Drewry's Bluff. So that if Colonel Lee delivered a letter to me then, he of course reported to the President that I had crossed the river. And as the army's nearest approach to Richmond was on the 17th, his meeting with the light artillery must have occurred that day. So one cannot understand his surprise. He says on the same page: General Johnston's explanation of this (to me) unexpected movement was, that he thought the water of the Chiosition of the little stream behind us, for we had four bridges over it. The position of Seven Pines was chosen for the center, the right somewhat thrown back. But the scarcity of water induced me to draw nearer to Richmond, which was done on the 17th. Mr. Davis makes statements [II, 106] regarding the strength of the Army of Northern Virginia, on the 21st and 31st of May; but as he treats the subject more minutely farther on, we will examine what he says [p. 153]: In the Archives Office
icial Records, Vol. XII., Part III., p. 214, that he would require subsistence for 38,000 men. This included both effectives and non-effectives. A fair deduction would leave McDowell about 35,000 combatants, to compute by the basis on which the Confederate generals always estimated their strength.--Editors. was then at Fredericksburg, observed by a division under Brigadier-General J. R. Anderson; and a large Confederate brigade, under Brigadier-General Branch, was at Gordonsville. On the 24th our cavalry was driven across the Chickahominy, principally at Mechanicsville. This extension of the right wing of the enemy to the west made me apprehend that the two detachments (Anderson and Branch) above mentioned might be cut off. They were therefore ordered to fall back to the Chickahominy. Near Hanover Court House the brigade was attacked by Porter's corps and driven off, escaping with a loss of 66 killed, and 177 wounded, as General Branch reported. Exclusive of the loss of the 2
intelligence made me return to my first design — that of attacking McClellan's left wing on the Williamsburg road as soon as, by advancing, it had sufficiently increased its distance from his right, north of the Chickahominy. The morning of the 30th, armed reconnoissances were made under General D. H. Hill's direction — on the Charles City road by Brigadier-General Rodes, and on the Williamsburg road by Brigadier-General Garland. The latter found Federal outposts five miles from Richmond — oet's command of the right was to end when the troops approached Seven Pines and I should be present to direct the movements, after which each major-general would command his own division. The rain began to fall violently in — the afternoon of the 30th, and continued all night. In the morning the little streams near our camps were so much swollen as to make it probable that the Chickahominy was overflowing its banks and cutting the communication between the wings of the Federal army. Being co
Pines. by Joseph E. Johnston, General, C. S. A. Confederate sharp-shooter. Already in this work [Vol. I., p. 240] I have discussed Mr. Davis's statements in his Rise and fall of the Confederate Government, so far as they bore upon the responsibilities of the First Bull Run. I will now consider his remarks upon the operations following the withdrawal from Manassas and including the battle of Seven Pines. As to the question of the forces on the Peninsula Mr. Davis says: Early in April General McClellan had landed about 100,000 men at or near Fortress Monroe [ Rise and fall, II. 84]. According to John Tucker, Assistant Secretary of War, 121,000 Federal troops landed before the 5th of April. Mr. Davis further says: At this time General Magruder occupied the lower Peninsula with his force of seven or eight thousand men [II., 84]. General Magruder reported that he had eleven thousand men. Mr. Davis also says: After the first advance of the enemy, General Magruder was reen
Government, so far as they bore upon the responsibilities of the First Bull Run. I will now consider his remarks upon the operations following the withdrawal from Manassas and including the battle of Seven Pines. As to the question of the forces on the Peninsula Mr. Davis says: Early in April General McClellan had landed about 100,000 men at or near Fortress Monroe [ Rise and fall, II. 84]. According to John Tucker, Assistant Secretary of War, 121,000 Federal troops landed before the 5th of April. Mr. Davis further says: At this time General Magruder occupied the lower Peninsula with his force of seven or eight thousand men [II., 84]. General Magruder reported that he had eleven thousand men. Mr. Davis also says: After the first advance of the enemy, General Magruder was reenforced by some troops from the south side of James River, and General Wilcox's brigade, which had been previously detached from the army under General Johnston. These reenforcements, together, made abo
r Peninsula with his force of seven or eight thousand men [II., 84]. General Magruder reported that he had eleven thousand men. Mr. Davis also says: After the first advance of the enemy, General Magruder was reenforced by some troops from the south side of James River, and General Wilcox's brigade, which had been previously detached from the army under General Johnston. These reenforcements, together, made about five thousand men [II., p. 85]. He says, on the same page: On the 9th of April, General Magruder's command, thus reinforced, amounted to about 12,000. On that day General Early joined with his division from the Army of Northern Virginia. . . . . This division had about 8000 officers and men for duty. General Magruder's force was thus increased to about 20,000. The same order detached Early's, D. R. Jones's, and D. H. Hill's divisions from the Army of Northern Virginia, and they were transported as fast as the railroad trains could carry them. The two latter d
ing to General Huger's report to me, there were 7000 men (instead of 5008) in his three brigades, which does not exceed the ordinary strength of brigades then (that is to say, three average brigades would have had not less than 7000 men); and what Mr. Davis calls two brigades of 4000 effective were, in fact, Anderson's division sent to observe McDowell's corps at Fredericksburg, and so large that General Lee called it the army of the North, and estimated it as 10,000 men; I advised you, April 23d, of certain troops ordered to report to General Field, viz.: two regiments from Richmond, two light batteries, a brigade from South Carolina, and one from North Carolina (Anderson's), in all 8000, in addition to those [2500.--J. E. J.] previously there.--General Lee's letter, May 8th.--Official Records, Vol. XI., Part III., pp 500-1.--J. E. J. and the second, Branch's brigade, greatly strengthened to protect the railroad at Gordonsville, and estimated by General Lee as 5000 men. Two b
st rifles to be mounted in the batteries, about completed, would demolish our water-batteries, drive us from the intrenchments at Yorktown, and enable the enemy to turn us by the river. Mr. Davis quotes from one of his dispatches to me: Your announcement to-day [May 1st] that you would withdraw to-morrow night takes us by surprise, and must involve enormous losses, including unfinished gun-boats. Will the safety of your army allow more time? [II., 92]. My own announcement was made April 27th, not May 1st, and reached Richmond in ten hours; so the President had abundant time to prevent the withdrawal. The appearance of the enemy's works indicated that fire from them might open upon us the next morning. The withdrawal just then was to avoid waste of life. With regard to the property abandoned he says: The loss of public property, as was anticipated, was great, the steamboats expected for its transportation not having arrived before the evacuation was made. From a narrati
rom the intrenchments at Yorktown, and enable the enemy to turn us by the river. Mr. Davis quotes from one of his dispatches to me: Your announcement to-day [May 1st] that you would withdraw to-morrow night takes us by surprise, and must involve enormous losses, including unfinished gun-boats. Will the safety of your army allow more time? [II., 92]. My own announcement was made April 27th, not May 1st, and reached Richmond in ten hours; so the President had abundant time to prevent the withdrawal. The appearance of the enemy's works indicated that fire from them might open upon us the next morning. The withdrawal just then was to avoid waste of linded in and near Yorktown, said, in his official report: We lost very little by the retreat, save some medical stores which Surgeon Coffin deserted in his flight, May 1st. The heavy guns were all of the old navy pattern. We had very little ammunition on hand at the time. The heavy guns could have been saved only by holding the p
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