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December 2nd, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 22
ly following, to join the Army of the Potomac. See chapter XII. The immediately succeeding events along that coast were so intimately connected with the long siege of Charleston, that it seems proper to consider them as a part of that memorable event. Let us now take a brief view of civil affairs having connection with military events, and observe what the Confederate armed vessels were doing in the mean time. The second session of the Thirty-seventh Congress commenced on the 2d of December, 1861. It was a most important period in the history of the country. A civil war of unparalleled magnitude and energy was raging in nearly every slave-labor State of the Republic, waged on the part of the insurgents for the destruction of the old Union, that the slave system might be extended and perpetuated; and on the part of the Government for the preservation of the life of the Republic and the maintenance of its constitutional powers. The people and the lawgivers had been much instr
1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
military operations of the war to the close of 1862, excepting some along the Atlantic coast after e. It was principally written in the Spring of 1862, with the exception of the chapter on the operaday of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation wey-General. Randolph resigned in the autumn of 1862, when James A. Seddon, a wealthy citizen of Ricwas watched by the Tuscarora. Early in the year 1862 she was sold, and thus ended her piratical caremerchant-ships. During the last ninety days of 1862, he destroyed by fire no less than twenty-eightvents, whose theater of action, at the close of 1862, was nearly coextensive with the area of the sl The most important movement at the close of 1862 was that of the beginning of the second siege oby the Confederates, and when, in the autumn of 1862, Jefferson Davis visited his home within the boovement to begin at midnight of the 31st. Dec, 1862. a dense fog interposed. The enterprise became[1 more...]
January 18th, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
lled and 80 wounded, but McClernand saw evidences of a much greater number hurt. The spoils of victory were about 5,000 prisoners, 17 cannon, 8,000 small arms, and a large quantity of ordnance and commissary stores. After dismantling and blowing up Fort Hindman, burning a hundred wagons and other property that he could not take away, embarking his prisoners for St. Louis, and sending an expedition in light-draft steamers, under General Gorman and Lieutenant Commanding J. G. Walker, Jan. 18, 1862. up the White River to capture Des Arc and Duval's Bluff, The expedition was successful. Both places were captured without much trouble. Des Arc was quite a thriving commercial town on the White River, in Prairie County, Arkansas, about fifty miles northeast of Little Rock. Duval's Bluff was the station of a Confederate camp and an earth-work, on an elevated position, a little below Duval's Bluff. With some prisoners and a few guns, this expedition joined the main forces at Napole
February 18th, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
spirators were doing at Richmond while their armies were in the field. The Confederate Congress, so called, reassembled in Richmond on the 18th of November, 1861, and continued in session, with closed doors most of the time, until the 18th of February, 1862, when its term as a Provisional Congress, made up of men chosen by conventions of politicians and legislatures of States, expired. On the same day a Congress, professedly elected by the people, In most instances these elections were a Palermo, Sicily. Mr. Adams, the American minister in London, was so well satisfied from information received that she was designed for the Confederates, that he called the attention of the British Government to the matter so early as the 18th of February, 1862. But nothing effective was done, and she was completed and allowed to depart from British waters. She went first to Nassau, and on the 4th of September suddenly appeared off Mobile harbor, flying the British flag and pennants. The bloc
February 22nd, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
and to the Representatives by Howell Cobb, of Georgia. Thomas Bocock, of Virginia, was elected Speaker. On the following day the votes for President of the Confederacy were counted, and were found to be one hundred and nine in number, all of which were cast for Jefferson Davis. The votes were as follows:--Alabama, 11; Arkansas, 6; Florida, 4; Georgia, 12; Louisiana, 8; Mississippi 9; North Carolina, 12; South Carolina, 8; Tennessee, 13; Texas, 8; Virginia, 18. Three days afterward Feb. 22, 1862. he was inaugurated President for six years. He chose for his Cabinet Judah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, as Secretary of State ; George W. Randolph, of Virginia, Secretary of War ; S. R. Mallory, of Florida, Secretary of the Navy ; C. G. Memminger, of South Carolina, Secretary of the Treasury ; and Thomas H. Watts, of Alabama, Attorney-General. Randolph resigned in the autumn of 1862, when James A. Seddon, a wealthy citizen of Richmond, who figured conspicuously in the Peace Convention at
February 28th, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
had captured millions of property belonging to American citizens. The most formidable and notorious of the sea-going ships of this character, were the Nashville, Captain R. B. Pegram, a Virginian, who had abandoned his flag, and the Sumter, Captain Raphael Semmes. The former was a side-wheel steamer, carried a crew of eighty men, and was armed with two long 12-pounder rifled cannon. Her career was short, but quite successful. She was finally destroyed by the Montauk, Captain Worden, Feb. 28, 1862. in the Ogeechee River. The appearance of the remains of the Nashville in the Ogeechee River is seen in the tail-piece on page 327. The career of the Sumter, which had been a New Orleans and Havana packet steamer, named Marquis de Habana, was also short, but much more active and destructive. She had a crew of sixty-five men and twenty-five marines, and was heavily armed. She ran the blockade at the mouth of the Mississippi River on the 30th of June, 1861. and was pursued some dista
March, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
ng, more than one million two hundred thousand men, of whom; on the 1st of January, 1863, about seven hundred thousand were in the service. Sickness, casualties in the field, the expiration of terms of enlistment, discharges for physical disability, and desertions, had greatly thinned the original regiments. The fearful waste of an army may be comprehended by considering the statement made by General Meade, in a reply to an address of welcome from tile Mayor of Philadelphia, that from March, 1862, when the Army of the Potomac left its lines in front of Washington, to the close of 1856, not less than 100,000 men of that army had been killed or wounded. The most important movement at the close of 1862 was that of the beginning of the second siege of Vicksburg, which resulted in its capture at the following midsummer, and which engaged the services of nearly all the troops westward of the Alleghanies, directly or indirectly, during several months. Though a city of only between f
March 13th, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
ame time, repress any efforts the slaves might make for their actual freedom. He also declared that any State in which rebellion had existed that should have in Congress at that time Jan. 1, 1863. representatives chosen in good faith, at a legal election, by the qualified voters of such State, should have the benefit of such conclusive evidence of its loyalty, and be exempted from the operations of the threatened proclamation. He called their attention to the acts of Congress approved March 13, 1862, and July 16, 1862, bearing upon the subject, as his warrant for the warning. It seemed as if this preliminary proclamation would indeed be as inoperative as the Pope's bull against the Comet. It was made instrumental in firing the Southern heart and intensifying the rebellious feeling, for it was pointed to by the conspirators, and their followers and friends in all parts of the Republic, as positive evidence that the war was waged, not for the restoration of the Union, but for the
April 16th, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
ation and Universal Emancipation did not give it their approval. In the mean time Congress had taken an important practical step forward in the path of justice by abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia, over whose territory it had undisputed control. The bill for this purpose was passed by a vote of ninety-two yeas against thirty-eight nays in the House of Representatives, and in the Senate by twenty-nine yeas against fourteen nays. It was approved by the President on the 16th of April, 1862. Mr. Lincoln believed his proposition to pay for emancipated slaves would detach the border slave-labor States from an interest in the Confederacy, and thus speedily put an end to the war. Anxious to consummate it, he invited the Congressmen of those States to meet him in conference in the Executive Chamber. They did so, July 12, 1862. and he presented to them a carefully prepared address on the subject. But he was forcibly taught by that conference, and its results, that the p
July, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 22
for any officer or private of the army or navy to capture or return, or aid in the capture or return, of fugitive slaves. On the same day, Mr. Wilson of Massachusetts gave notice in the Senate of his intention to introduce a bill for a, similar purpose. Perceiving the general lack of knowledge of the laws of war, particularly as touching the subject of the, slaves of the country, Dr. Francis Lieber, the eminent publicist, suggested to General Halleck when he became-General-in-Chief, in July 1862, the propriety of issuing, in some form, a code or set of instructions on international rules of war, for the use of officers of the army. Dr. Lieber had already issued an important pamphlet on the subject of Guerrilla Warfare, which had attracted much attention. Halleck pondered the suggestion, and finally summoned its author to Washington City, when Secretary Stanton, by a general order, appointed a commission for the purpose, of which Dr. Lieber was chairman. Their labor resulted in
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