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Troy, N. Y. (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
anvil has a groove across its face, in which a bar of metal is swaged to the level of the plane surface of the anvil, thereby acquiring a triangular shape in cross-section, and forming a rod from which sharpened calks may be cut. See anvil, pp. 121, 122. Horse′shoe-clamp. （Shipbuilding.) An iron strap by which the gripe and fore-foot are attached. See stem. Horse′shoe-ma-chine′. A machine in which bar-iron is converted into horseshoe blanks or horseshoes. Burden of Troy, New York, patented a machine for this purpose in November, 1835, which had segmental reciprocating dies to shape a straight blank by giving it the requisite thicknesses at the respective parts, and the creases for the nail-heads. The piece rested on a rocking anvil-bed. His patent of September 10, 1843, described a reciprocating rectilinear movement, cutting off from a heated rod a straight blank and impressing by dies, which made the fullering and nail-holes. His patent of June 20, 1857, was
Spithead (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 8
; the other end is the head. （Carpentry.) The lower end or foot of a rafter where it rests on the wall or plate. （Fire-arms.) The upper end of the butt-end of a musket when in firing position. The tail of a gun-lock hammer. 3. A lean or inclination. （Nautical.) a. The inclination laterally of a vessel as she careens under a press of sail. Allowance for the heel is made in laying guns, a pendulum being used for the purpose. In careening the Royal George, 120 guns, at Spithead, 1782, to get at a water-pipe which discharged below the water-line, the vessel was sunk at her moorings. They made the vessel heel And laid her on her side. b. Said of a ship when deep in the water aft. By the heel, in contradistinction to by the head. Heel-blank. （Shoemaking.) A set of lifts fastened together in readiness for attachment to a boot. A blank heel. Heel-breasting machine. Heel-breast′-- ing ma-chine′. A machine for cutting down the straight front
Nantes (France) (search for this): chapter 8
hens, a Dutch astronomer (1629– 1695). This wonderful man excelled in mathematical and mechanical science and art. He improved the telescope; discovered the ring of Saturn (as such); reapplied the pendulum to beating time, and first accurately adapted it; invented the micrometer; and in his various communications to the Academy of Sciences in Paris and the Royal Society of London illuminated all he undertook. He was one of the emigrants driven from France at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and exchanged the friendship of Louis XIV. for that of Newton. See negative eye-piece. Hy-al′o-graph. An instrument for tracing a design on a transparent surface. Hy-alo-type. （Photography.) A photographic positive on glass. Hydrants. Hydrants. Hy′drant. A valve and spout connecting with a water-main, and by which water may be drawn from the latter. In the domestic form, as usual in the yards of our city houses, the spout is elevated sufficiently to allow it
Portugal (Portugal) (search for this): chapter 8
ckshire, hazel is much used; blackthorn and hawthorn are also common; the latter is more used than any other hedge shrub. The osage-orange (Maclura), honey-locust, and some varieties of thorn, are used in the United States for hedges. Hawthorn is the favorite in England, but does not stand our climate. Ornamental hedges are made in this country of privet, althea, spruce, arbor vitae, rose, and occasionally a pear or other trees and shrubs. In England, the laurel, lauristinus, arbutus, Portugal laurel, bay, and other beautiful evergreens are used, but they do not so well suit this climate. Hedges are planted in single or double rows, the latter from eight to twelve inches apart. The plants about the same, except that in single row they are at a distance of six inches. The maclura or osageorange is the favorite, and has a great tendency to run up. It must be clipped savagely to make it spread below, allowing it an extra three inches of hight at each of the three clippings durin
Cat Head (Alaska, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
moves at a speed of from 10 to 150 feet per minute, and has safety-ratchets which instantly lock it to the standards if the rope break. The drum on which the wire rope is wound has a spiral groove in which successive coils of the rope are kept separate. The car stops automatically at certain limits, or by hand at intermediate points. See rope-elevator. See also under the following heads:— Balance-crane.Cant-hook. Barton.Capstan. Block.Cargo-jack. Bracket-crab.Catadrome. Brake.Cat-head. Brick and mortar elevator.Cat-tackle. Check-hook. Bricklayer's hoist.Chevrette. Bucket.Chinese windlass. Cage.Claw for suspending tackle. Can-hook. Cog and round.Lift-hammer. Cotton-elevator.Lifting-apparatus. Crab.Lifting-jack. Crampoons.Lifting-screw. Crane.Loader. Cuddy.Lock. Canal Davit.Man-engine. Derrick.Masting-shears. Differential windlass.Mouline. Dolly.Movable ladder. Draft-engine.Needle. Drop.Overhead-crane. Drop-table.Parbuckle. Elevating-block.Plate-ho
Nineveh (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
the helmet of Sheshonk or Shishak, with his cartouche upon it. Herodotus states that the Carians were the inventors of three things, the use of which was borrowed from them by the Greeks; they were the first to fasten crests on helmets, to put devices on shields, and handles on shields. Herodotus describes (Book VII.) the following head-dresses of the nations forming the motley army of Xerxes: — The Assyrians had helmets of bronze or iron. Layard found some of the latter metal at Nineveh. The Scythians had tall, stiff caps, rising to a point. They were probably of felt. The Ethiopians wore upon their heads the scalps of horses, with the ears and mane attached; the ears were made to stand upright, and the mane served as a crest. The Paphlagonians had leather helmets. The Thracians wore skins of foxes upon their heads. The Chalybes had brazen helmets, and above these they wore the cars and horns of an ox fashioned in brass. They had crests on their helms.
Portland (Maine, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
brick. The principal supply is, however, derived from various limestones which contain insoluble matters, as silica, alumina, magnesia, and oxide of iron, in varying proportions. These are burned, causing chemical changes and combinations in the constituents of the mass, which is then pulverized for use. The so-called Roman cement, patented in England by Parker in 1796, is prepared from nodular concretions of limestone, usually containing veins of calc spar, found in beds of clay. Portland cement, which ranks among the highest in point of tenacity and durability, is made from the deposits formed in the beds of some rivers which flow through chalk and clay formations, mixed with a proportion of carbonate of lime. These are incorporated under water, burned, and ground. Several varieties of hydraulic cement are prepared in the United States, where it is also very generally known as water lime. See cement. Hy-drau′lic clock. An ancient form of time measurer. It was d
Teneriffe (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
nstruction to Saussure's and Delue's hair and whalebone hygrometers; but the instruments of the seventeenth century were deficient in the determination of fixed wet and dry points, so necessary for the comparison and understanding of the results. This desideratum was at last supplied by Regnault, but without reference to the variation which might be occasioned by time in the susceptibility of the hygrometic substances employed. Pictet, however, found that the hair of a Guanche mummy from Teneriffe, which might be a thousand years old, employed in a Saussure's hygrometer, still posseessed a satisfactory degree of sensibility. The admiral [Columbus], says Fernando Colon, ascribed the many refreshing falls of rain which cooled the air whilst he was sailing along the coast of Jamaica, to the extent and density of the forests which clothe the mountains. He takes this opportunity of remarking, in his ship's journal, that formerly there was much rain in Madeira, the Canaries, and the
Vienna (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
He elsewhere states that they buy it of the Northern people. Hesychius says the Thracian women made sheets of hemp. The people of that country yet wear tunics of hemp, and some are employed in towing the boats on the Danube between Pesth and Vienna. Hempen ropes were used on board the Syracusia, built for Hiero, as recorded by Moschion. There are many other notices of hemp by later authors. It was imported in the hank or bale from the country of the Rhodaunus, which empties into the Viltural purposes. Regular hot-houses are of late introduction in our botanic gardens. Ripe pineapples were first obtained in Europe at the end of the seventeenth century. Linnaeus states that the first banana which flowered in Europe was in Vienna, in the garden of Prince Eugene, in 1731. The accordant accounts of Hernando Cortes, in his reports to the Emperor Charles V., of Bernal Diaz, Gomara, Oviedo, and Hernandez, leave no doubt that at the time of the conquest of Montezuma's empire
Jamaica (Jamaica) (search for this): chapter 8
ault, but without reference to the variation which might be occasioned by time in the susceptibility of the hygrometic substances employed. Pictet, however, found that the hair of a Guanche mummy from Teneriffe, which might be a thousand years old, employed in a Saussure's hygrometer, still posseessed a satisfactory degree of sensibility. The admiral [Columbus], says Fernando Colon, ascribed the many refreshing falls of rain which cooled the air whilst he was sailing along the coast of Jamaica, to the extent and density of the forests which clothe the mountains. He takes this opportunity of remarking, in his ship's journal, that formerly there was much rain in Madeira, the Canaries, and the Azores; but since the trees which shaded the ground have been cut down, rain has become much more rare. This warning has remained almost unheeded for more than three centuries and a half. Hy′gro-met′ric Bal′ance. An instrument for indicating the relative density of the air, and consequ<
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