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July, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 4
presented by a weal minority. The composition of this body, in fact, cannot be modified until the electors shall be called upon to choose the Thirty-eighth Congress. The Thirty-seventh, whose labors we have followed since the extra session of July, 1861, began, as we have seen, its third and last session on December 1, 1862; it came to a close, together with its powers, on the 4th of March, 1863. The principal measures which characterized this session, inspired by the policy which had guided e campaigns undertaken against Richmond, but at the same time it has been an incalculable advantage in a strategic point of view. Washington, barely defended, had prevented Johnston's victorious army from advancing as far as the Susquehanna in July, 1861, and enlisting the whole of Maryland in support of the Confederate cause. A few months later, the Federal capital, surrounded by powerful works, became an impregnable base of operations for the Army of the Potomac on the very boundary of the e
July 1st, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 4
nd packages)430,666437,354753,569753,144 Animals126,584109,009 Forage, fuel, etc. (tons)39,35488,438 Soldiers1,264,602567,397 The cost of this transportation was—by land, $8,030,003.03; by lakes and rivers, $9,476,681.73; and by ocean, $4,798,385.02. A few words upon the most important supplies furnished to the armies will close our sketch; and in order that we may complete two official reports, both incomplete, we shall embrace in this summary the two years comprised between the 1st of July, 1861, and the 30th of June, 1863: the figures we append herewith were considered by the Secretary of War as below the real amount. During the year 1861-62 the government bought 109,799 horses and 83,720 mules: what disposition was made of them is not stated, but at the beginning of the fiscal year, July 1, 1862, we find in the depots 14,842 and 16,899 respectively of these animals. During that year the purchases amount to 174,832 horses and 86,254 mules, of which, 45,755 horses and 46,226
September 5th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 4
tributed by the Pacific States, although very remote from the seat of war. The other societies having the same object in view are only entitled to a brief notice, for the role they played was of secondary importance. We can only mention the Western Sanitary Commission, which, being entirely independent of the former, though equally national—that is to say, intended for the relief of soldiers of all the States without distinction—had but a limited field of action. Created on the 5th of September, 1861, by General Fremont, and reconstituted by the Secretary of War on the 16th of December, 1862, its special mission was to carry relief into hospitals. It would be impossible for us to give the names of the local independent societies, all of which were of more or less service, especially in assisting the sick and wounded soldiers in the interior, but whose unfortunate partiality we have already mentioned wherever they penetrated into army-centres. Before resuming the recital of mi
1862 AD (search for this): chapter 4
s not the case in regard to the great levies of 1862. Certain States, although fully credited with believing that the difficulties experienced in 1862 in finding subscribers to the Federal loan woulnalysis of the reports presented to Congress in 1862 and 1863 by the quartermaster-general will suff a vast department. In each of the years 1861, 1862, and 1863 the Secretary of War is asking for th as below the real amount. During the year 1861-62 the government bought 109,799 horses and 83,720 tively to $54,589,984 and $55,887,510. The year 1862-63 gives us more details in regard to other supafter having invaded Hilton Head in the fall of 1862, being promptly isolated and subdued, we must d and could not be, very strict; in the year 1861-62 they had declared in favor of admitting two hundthe black population. The harvest for the year 1862 had everywhere been very poor: it had been much elections that took place during the autumn of 1862 in ten of the States, either for the office of [11 more...]
January 31st, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 4
nflict. The companies which controlled the former had different schedules of rates, and in consequence of the interruption of travel over the great commercial highway they were crowded with the produce of the Western States, which had no other outlet. A paramount interest demanded that the independence of the companies, as well as the convenience of travellers and trade, should be made subservient to the necessities of the war. Congress understood this, and by a law enacted on the 31st of January, 1862, it authorized the President to seize upon railroads, and to use them for military purposes, whenever he deemed it necessary. But the patriotism of the railroad officials rendered this extreme measure useless. A few months later they entered into an agreement with the Secretary of War, establishing a uniform schedule of prices for the transportation of soldiers on the basis of two cents per mile for each man; afterward their resources were placed at the service of the government wit
February 25th, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 4
per: The notes in circulation, including the goldnotes, represented the sum of $222,932,111; those which had been received by the government and exchanged for certificates of deposit amounted to $80,798,650; the fractional currency, to $3,884,800; the contractors had accepted $87,363,241 of certificates of indebtedness; lastly, the Treasury had been able to place in the market, at the current rate of 66, the sum of $23,750,000 of the 5-20 six per-cent. bonds authorized by the act of 25th of February, 1862. Finally, the existing laws placed at the disposal of the government various sources of credit of considerable importance. It could issue notes, or greenbacks, to the amount of $27,067,889, and, moreover, receive $20,201,350 (the total amount of deposits being limited to five hundred millions) in exchange for certificates of deposit, and place them again in circulation. No restriction having been imposed upon the issue of small notes, it was thought that their issue could be inc
March, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 4
As will be seen presently, this fruitless expedition was brought to an end on the very day when the fate of the nation was being decided in Pennsylvania. At the North a body of troops of the same strength found itself in a similar position: it consisted of Milroy's and Tyler's divisions—one about six thousand nine hundred strong, and the other numbering nine thousand men—stationed at Winchester and Harper's Ferry. Since McClellan's departure for the Virginia peninsula in the month of March, 1862, we have witnessed a continuation of the quarrel which broke out at that time between the commander of the Army of the Potomac and the authorities at Washington concerning the occupation of the Valley of Virginia: the latter still desired to keep a small independent army on the borders of the Shenandoah in order to close the outlet of this stream against the enemy, as it afforded the easiest way for invading the Northern States. Fremont's defeats and Miles' disaster, which had caused t
May, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 4
or twelve months: their term of service expired in May, 1863. There were two principal calls made in 1862—the first, dated July 2d, for 300,000 three years men, and the second, August 4th, for 300,000 militia for nine months. Under the call of July 2d, 421,465 men were furnished, and under that of August 4th, 87,588 were obtained. It was the latter whose terms of service expired in May, 1863. Besides these, 15,007 men for three months service were, by special authority, furnished in May and June, 1862.—Ed. These two calls for volunteers had nearly exhausted that portion of the population disposed to rally spontaneously under the Federal flag, nor would the second call have proved successful but for the fact that the duration of service had been shortened. The results of this measure were injurious to the army. The scarcity of labor had brought about an increase in the rate of wages, which proved a new obstacle against enlistments. To neutralize this, the government, the S
June, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 4
1,465 men were furnished, and under that of August 4th, 87,588 were obtained. It was the latter whose terms of service expired in May, 1863. Besides these, 15,007 men for three months service were, by special authority, furnished in May and June, 1862.—Ed. These two calls for volunteers had nearly exhausted that portion of the population disposed to rally spontaneously under the Federal flag, nor would the second call have proved successful but for the fact that the duration of service had b the thousand to find out the total number it represents, or nearly so. Let us conclude with an exhibit which shows in the most striking manner the progress made in the sanitary condition of the armies. The mortality from sickness, which in June, 1862, was 4.7 per 1000, fell in June, 1863, to 3.9 per 1000. Before proceeding to the consideration of another subject, we must mention those private institutions which, under the inspiration of charitable zeal, played an important role during th
July 1st, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 4
from the 3d of March to the 8th of December, to make the estimates meet the wants of the ensuing year. Up to the 1st of July, 1862, the Treasury had already paid out the sum of $220,175,370, other than for principal of public debt; and the accumuldirectly at his disposal and by contracts concluded with the railroad companies and the owners of vessels, from the 1st of July, 1862, to June 30, 1863: Transportation by LandWeight (tons.)Transportation by Water.Weight (tons.) Subsistence stores799 horses and 83,720 mules: what disposition was made of them is not stated, but at the beginning of the fiscal year, July 1, 1862, we find in the depots 14,842 and 16,899 respectively of these animals. During that year the purchases amount to 174,elegraphic establishment intended solely for the service of the armies soon acquired an immense importance. On the 1st of July, 1862, the lines represented a length of over three thousand five hundred miles. In the following year there were construc
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