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Browsing named entities in a specific section of Edward Alfred Pollard, The lost cause; a new Southern history of the War of the Confederates ... Drawn from official sources and approved by the most distinguished Confederate leaders.. Search the whole document.

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England (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 3
to affect all Europe against any commercial negotiations with them. Tho tobacco of Virginia and Maryland was loaded down with duties and prohibitions; the rice and indigo of the Carolinas suffered similarly; but in New England the distress was out of all proportion to what was experienced in the more fortunate regions of the South, where the fertility of the soil was always a ready and considerable compensation for the oppression of taxes and commercial imposts. Before the Revolution, Great Britain had furnished markets for more than three-fourths of the exports of the eight Northern States. These were now almost actually closed to them. Massachusetts complained of the boon of independence, when she could no longer find a market for her fish and oil of fish, which at this time constituted almost wholly the exports of that region, which has since reached to such insolence of prosperity, and now abounds with the seats of opulence. The most important branch of New England industry
Quebec (Canada) (search for this): chapter 3
designated her as the most mighty State in the Union. Does not Virginia, exclaimed this orator, surpass every State, in the Union in the number of inhabitants, extent of territory, felicity of position, in affluence and wealth? Her arms had been singularly illustrious in the seven years war; and no State had contributed to this great contest a larger measure of brilliant and patriotic service. James Monroe, himself a soldier of the Revolution, declared: Virginia braved all dangers. From Quebec to Boston, from Boston to Savannah she shed the blood of her sons. The close of the Revolution was followed by a distress of trade that involved all of the American States. Indeed, they found that their independence, commercially, had been very dearly purchased: that the British Government was disposed to revenge itself for the ill-success of its arms by the most severe restrictions on the trade of the States, and to affect all Europe against any commercial negotiations with them. Tho t
Jamaica, L. I. (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 3
ory of America: examples in other parts of the world emphasize it, and add to the illustration. Cuba and Brazil are standing examples of the contributions of negro slavery to agricultural wealth and material prosperity; while on the other hand Jamaica affords the example of decline in these respects from the very abolition of this institution of labour. The true causes of that sectional lapse, in which the South became by far the inferiour part of the American Union in every respect of matm every part of the North. Massachusetts, although unwilling to be taxed on the importation of molasses, wanted protection for the rum she made from it, and contended that it should be fenced in by high duties from a competition with the rum of Jamaica. Pennsylvania sought protection for her manufactures of steel and her paper mills. Connecticut had manufactures of woollens and manufactures of cordage, which she declared would perish without protection. New York demanded that every article
George Washington (search for this): chapter 3
then reckoned the seat of future empire. the people and strength of America bearing Southwardly. emigration to the South. Kentucky and the vales of Frankland. Virginia's prosperity. her early land system. the Chesapeake. Alexandria. George Washington's great commercial project. two pictures of Virginia: 1789 and 1829. an example of the decline of the South in material prosperity. this decline not to be attributed to slavery. its true causes. effect of the Louisiana purchase on the ation in America — that of the yeomanry of England. The Chesapeake was the chosen resort of the trader. Alexandria, then the principal commercial city of Virginia, was thought to hold the keys to the trade of a continent. The election of George Washington to the Presidency of the United States interrupted him in a project, by which he hoped to unite the Bay of Chesapeake, by her two great arms, the James and Potomac rivers, with the Ohio, and eventually to drain the commerce of the Lakes int
John C. Calhoun (search for this): chapter 3
as scarcely treated as a party to common measures of legislation. The foundation of the protective tariff of 1828-the bill of abominations, as it was styled by Mr. Calhoun--was laid in a Convention of Northern men at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; and from this Convention were excluded all sections of the country intended to be made treturn of peace and to sink under foreign competition. A demand so moderate and ingenious the South was not disposed to resist. Indeed, it was recommended by John C. Calhoun himself, who voted for the bill of 1816. But the danger was in the precedent. The principle of protection once admitted maintained its hold and enlarged its its demands for protection, and strenuously resisted any repeal or reduction of the existing tariff. The demand of the South at this time, so ably enforced by Calhoun, for the repeal of the tariff, was recommended by the most obvious justice and the plainest prudence. It was shown that the public debt had been so far diminishe
Watkins Leigh (search for this): chapter 3
. Under this sectional domination grew up a system of protections and bounties to the North without parallel in the history of class legislation and of unequal laws in a common country. Virginia had accepted the Constitution in the hope that the General Government, having power to regulate commerce, would lift the restrictions from her trade. This consideration was held out as a bribe for votes in the Convention. She was bitterly disappointed. In the Virginia Convention of 1822, Mr. Watkins Leigh declared: Every commercial operation of the Federal Government, since I attained manhood, has been detrimental to the Southern Atlantic slaveholding, planting States. The South had no protection for her agriculture. At the time of the adoption of the Constitution, the manufacturing interest was a very unimportant one in the country. But manufactures soon became a prominent and special branch of industry in the North; and a course of sectional legislation was commenced to exact fro
Henry Clay (search for this): chapter 3
dollar would be paid, and after three years there would be an annual surplus in the treasury of twelve or thirteen millions. But the North was insensible to these arguments, and brazen in its demands. The result of this celebrated controversy, which shook the Union to its foundations, was a compromise or a modification of the tariff, in which however enough was saved of the protective principle to satisfy for a time the rapacity of the North, and that through the demagogical exertions of Henry Clay of Kentucky, who courted Northern popularity, and enjoyed in Northern cities indecent feasts and triumphs for his infidelity to his section. But the tariff of 1833 was a deceitful compromise, and its terms were never intended by the North to be a final settlement of the question. In 1842 the settlement was repudiated, and the duties on manufactures again advanced. From that time until the period of Disunion the fiscal system of the United States was persistently protective; the South
Benton (search for this): chapter 3
to the Northern scale. two sectional measures. comparisons of Southern representation in Congress at the date of the Constitution and in the year 1860. sectional domination of the North. a protective tariff. the bill of abominations. Senator Benton on the tariff of 1828. his retrospect of the prosperity of the South. history of the American tariffs. tariff of 1833, a deceitful Compromise. other measures of Northern aggrandizement. ingenuity of Northern avarice. why the South could styled by Mr. Calhoun--was laid in a Convention of Northern men at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; and from this Convention were excluded all sections of the country intended to be made tributary under the act of Congress. Of the tariff of 1828 Senator Benton remarked: The South believed itself impoverished to enrich the North by this system; and certainly an unexpected result had been seen in these two sections. In the colonial state the Southern were the richer part of the colonies, and they e
James Monroe (search for this): chapter 3
About the revolutionary period Virginia held the front rank of the States. Patrick Henry designated her as the most mighty State in the Union. Does not Virginia, exclaimed this orator, surpass every State, in the Union in the number of inhabitants, extent of territory, felicity of position, in affluence and wealth? Her arms had been singularly illustrious in the seven years war; and no State had contributed to this great contest a larger measure of brilliant and patriotic service. James Monroe, himself a soldier of the Revolution, declared: Virginia braved all dangers. From Quebec to Boston, from Boston to Savannah she shed the blood of her sons. The close of the Revolution was followed by a distress of trade that involved all of the American States. Indeed, they found that their independence, commercially, had been very dearly purchased: that the British Government was disposed to revenge itself for the ill-success of its arms by the most severe restrictions on the trade
Benjamin F. Butler (search for this): chapter 3
re were large masses of the descendants of the Puritans ready to move wherever better fortune invited them, and the charity of equal laws would tolerate them. In these circumstances it is not surprising that, in the early stages of the Federal Republic, the South should have been reckoned the seat of future empire. There was a steady flow of population from the sterile regions of the North to the rich but uncultivated plains of the South. In the Convention that formed the Constitution Mr. Butler, a delegate from New England, had declared, with pain, that the people and strength of America were evidently bearing southwardly and southwestwardly. As the sectional line was then supposed to run, there were only five States on the southern side of it: eight on the northern. In the House of Representatives the North had thirty-six votes; the South only twenty-nine. But the most persistent statement made in favour of the Constitution in Virginia and other Southern States, was, that th
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