A.blast, wind, first in Anaximen.2, ὅλον τὸν κόσμον π. καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει: freq. in Trag., etc., “ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων” A.Pr.1086 (anap.), cf. 1047 (anap.); “θαλάσσας . . πνεύματι λάβρῳ” Id.Pers.110(lyr.); “πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ” Id.Fr.300.3; “τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου” S.Aj.558; “πνεύμασιν θαλασσίοις ἐξωσθέντες” E.Cyc. 278 (but πνοή is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses πνοιή）“; πνεύματα ἀνέμων” Hdt.7.16.“ά; τὸ π. κατῄει” Th.2.84; κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π. ib.97; “τὸ π. λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν” Ar.Ra.1003; “τὸ π. ἔλαττον γίγνεται” Id.Eq.441; “εἰ φορὸν π. εἴη” X.HG6.2.27; κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος to leeward of him, Arist.HA560b14; but κατὰ π. προσιόντες down wind, ib.535a19; πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις, Epicur. Ep.2pp.44,45 U.; as an element, air, Corp.Herm.1.9, 16; “τὸ π. τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν” Plot.2.2.2, cf. Porph.Sent.29.
2. metaph., θαλερωτέρῳ π. with more genial breeze or influence, A.Th.708(lyr.); “λύσσης π. μάργῳ” Id.Pr.884(anap.); αἰδοίῳ π. χώρας with air or spirit of respect on the part of the country, Id.Supp.29(anap.); π. ταὐτὸν οὔποτ᾽ . . ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν the wind is constantly changing even among friends, S.OC612; “π. συμφορᾶς” E.IT1317; “ὅταν θεοῦ σοι π. μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ” Id.HF216.
II. breathed air, breath, “σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη” A.Eu.568; αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π., E.Ba.128(lyr.), Ph.787 (lyr., pl.); π. ἀπέρρηξεν βίου the breath of life, A.Pers.507; “π. ἀπώλεσεν” Id.Th.984 (lyr.); π. ἄθροισον collect breath, E.Ph.851; π. ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι, to give up the ghost, Id.Hec.571, Or.277, Tr.785 (anap.); “π. δειμαίνων λιπεῖν” Id.Supp.554; “π. . . δυσῶδες ἠφίει” Th.2.49; πνεύματος διαρροαί the wind-pipe, E.Hec.567; “τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον” Pl.Ti.91c (v. πνεύμων）“; πνεύματος ῥώμη” Plu.2.804b: prov., “ἄνθρωπός ἐστι π. καὶ σκιὰ μόνον” S.Fr.13.
2. breathing, respiration, freq. in Hp., π. πυκνόν, ἀραιόν, ἐκτεῖνον, κατεπεῖγον, Epid.2.3.7; “π. πυκνότερον” Acut.16; π. προσκόπτον checked, difficult breathing, Aph.4.68; π. ἄσημον indistinct, feeble breathing, Epid.6.7.8; “π. βηχῶδες” Coac.622; π. μετέωρον shallow breathing, Epid.2.3.1; τὸ π. ἔχειν ἄνω to be out of breath, Men.23, cf. Sosicr.1; τὸ π. ἀνήνεγκαν recovered their breath, Hp.Prorrh.2.12 (so without “τὸ π.” Aph.2.43); but ἀναφέρουσιν . . κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π. they sob . . , Id.Hebd.51.
4. breath of life, “π. ζωῆς” LXXGe.6.17, 7.15, cf. Plu.Per.13,etc.; π. ἔχειν retain life, Plb.31.10.4; living being, “ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ᾽ ἐγενόμην π.” Phoen.1.16; οὐ π. πάντα βρότεια σοὶ (sc. Πλούτωνι）“ νέμεται;” IG14.769 (Naples).
5. that which is breathed forth or exhaled, odour, “ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς π.” E.Hipp.1391; π. βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα, of a tree, Plu.2.647b.
6. Gramm., breathing with which a vowel is pronounced, ib. 1009e (pl.), A.D.Adv.147.18; π. δασύ, ψιλόν, Id.Pron. 78.6, Adv.148.9.
III. divine inspiration, “ἄγρια . . πνεύματα θευφορίης” AP6.220.4 (Diosc.); “εἰ μή τι θεῖον . . ἐνῆν π. τῇ ψυχῇ” Pl.Ax.370c; “τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις π.” Plu.2.605a; “καθαρὸν δίκαιον . . π. θεοῦ σωτῆρος” BMus.Inscr.1062(Cyrene, ii A. D.).
2. spirit of man, “εἴτ᾽ ἐστὶ τοῦτο π. θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς” Men.482.3: in NT, opp. ψυχή, 1 Ep.Thess.5.23, cf. Ep.Rom.8.2; τῷ π., opp. τῷ σώματι, 1 Ep.Cor.5.3; also, opp. γράμμα, Ep.Rom.2.29.
V. spiritual or immaterial being, angel, Ep.Hebr.1.14, Apoc.1.4; τὰ ἄχραντα π., τὰ κακὰ π., Iamb.Myst.3.31; π. πονηρόν, ψευδές, LXX Jd.9.23, 3 Ki.22.21, cf. Act.Ap.19.12, 15, Apoc.16.14, Porph. ap. Eus.PE4.23, etc.; ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ π. οὖσα πλήρης (sc. ἡ Πυθία) Plu.2.438b.
VI. Rhet., sentence declaimed in one breath, Hermog.Inv.3.10,4.4,al.
