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πολύς , Att. πολλή, πολύ; gen. πολλοῦ, ῆς, οῦ; dat. πολλῷ, , ; acc. πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:—Ion. πολλός Anacr.43.3,
A.πολλή, πολλόνXenoph.9, Democr.219, Hp.VM1, Herod.3.19; also in Trag., S.Ant.86, Tr.1196; acc. πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: Hdt. uses the Ion. forms, but codd. have “πολύν2.121.δ́, 3.57, v.l. in 6.125, “πολύ2.106,3.38,6.72,7.46,160 (πολύ also in Heraclit.114, Democr. 244):—both sets of forms are found in Ep., also gen. sg. “πολέοςIl.4.244, etc.: nom. pl. “πολέες2.417, al., once contr. “πολεῖς11.708; gen. πολέων (trisyll.) 5.691, (disyll.) 16.655; dat. “πολέσι10.262,al.; “πολέσσι13.452, al.; “πολέεσσι9.73, Od.5.54, Hes.Op.119, etc.; acc. πολέας (trisyll.) Il.3.126, etc., (disyll.) 1.559,2.4, Hes.Op.580 (freq. with v.l. πολεῖς Il.15.66, etc.); in later Ep. πολέες is used as fem., Call.Del.28, also “πολέαςId.Dian.42, A.R.3.21; neut. “πολέαQ.S.1.74 (v. infr.):—Ep. also have πουλύς (once in Hes., Th.190, also Thgn. 509, sts. fem. in Hom., “πουλὺν ἐφ᾽ ὑγρήνIl.10.27, “ἠέρα πουλύν5.776), neut. “πουλύOd.19.387; these forms are found in codd. of Hp. and Aret. (who uses πολύ, πουλύ and πολλόν in neut.), but not in Hdt.:— Lyr. and Trag. (lyr.) sts. use Ep. forms, dat. sg. “πολεῖA.Supp.745; nom. pl. “πολέεςB.10.17; neut. “πολέαA.Ag.723; “πολέωνE.Hel.1332 (fem., B.5.100); dat. pl. “πολέσιE.IT1263. [υ^always.]
b. rarely of a single person, great, mighty,μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεοHdt.7.14, cf. E.Hipp.1; π. σοφιστής, στρατηγός, Chor. p. 23 B., Id.in Rev.Phil.1.68; “ πάντα π.Id.p.27 B.; πολύς alone, of Hippocrates, Gal.19.530; of Trajan, Lyd.Mag.2.28; “ῥώμην σώματος πολύςD.H.2.42.
II. Special usages:
3. with the Art. (in Hom. without the Art., Il.2.483, 5.334, 22.28), of persons or things well known, Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλάς, τὰς πάνυ π. ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ᾽ those many lives, A.Ag.1456 (lyr.), cf. S.OT845, Th.3.87, Pl.Phd.88a, Ti.54a, Act.Ap.26.24: with abstract Nouns, “τᾶς πολλᾶς ὑγιείαςA. Ag.1001 (lyr., dub.); “τὸ πολλόνnumbers, Hdt.1.136.
b. οἱ π. the many, i.e. the greater number,Ἀθηναῖοι . . ἀπῆλθον οἱ πολλοίTh. 1.126, cf. 3.32, etc. (so in sg., πολλὸς λόγος the prevailing report, Hdt.1.75); “τοῖς π. κριταῖςS.Aj.1243: with gen., τοῖς π. βροτῶν ib.682; “οἱ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπωνX.Cyr.8.2.24; “οἱ πολλοὶ ἅπαντεςfar the most, Hp.Aër.20 (v.l. μάλιστα for ἅπαντες); for τὰ πολλὰ πάντα, v. infr. 111.1a: hence οἱ πολλοί the people, the commonalty, opp. οἱ μείζω κεκτημένοι, Th.1.6; opp. οἱ κομψότεροι, Pl.R.505b; οἱ π., = Lat. plebs, D.S.20.36; τῶν πολλῶν εἷς one of the multitude, D.21.96; also “ π. λεώςLuc.JTr.53, cf. Rh.Pr.17; “ π. ὅμιλοςId.Luct.2. Hdn.1.1.1, etc.; “ π. δῆμοςLuc.Apol.15; “ π. ὄχλοςPh. 2.4; π. alone, = vulgus, v.l. in D.S.2.29; the ordinary man, Epicur.Fr.478, Phld.Rh.2.154S.; “νίμμα π. λέγει, ἡμεῖς ἀπόνιπτρον λέγομενPhryn.170, cf.369; ἐμπαθὴς καὶ π. ἄνθρωπος 'l'homme moyen sensuel', Herm.in Phdr.p.146A.; π. ἄνθρωπος (with pl. Verb) the average man, opp. τὸ ἐξαίρετον, Eun.Hist.p.216 D.
d.τὰ πολλάthe most, Od.22.273, and perh. 2.58, 17.537 (elsewh. in Hom. πολλά, as Subst., means much riches, great possessions, Il.11.684, Od.19.195); “τὰ π. τοῦ πολέμουTh.2.13; πρὸς τὸ τῶν π. μέγεθος in regard to the size of the average, Arist.Rh.1363b11.
5. πολλάς with Verbs of beating (πληγάς being omitted), v. πληγή 1.
III. Adverbial usages:
a. neut. πολύ (Ion. πολλόν, πολλά, much,πόλλ᾽ ἀεκαζομένηIl.6.458, etc.; strengthd., “μάλα πολλά8.22, al.; “πάνυ πολύPl.Alc.1.119c; “πολύ τιId.R.484d; esp. of repetition, often, Il.2.798, Od.13.29, Hes.Op.322; so of earnest commands and entreaties, πολλὰ κελεύων, πόλλ᾽ ἐπέτελλον, πολλὰ λισσομένη, πολλὰ μάλ᾽ εὐχομένω, Il.5.528, 11.782, 5.358, 9.183: with the Art., “τὸ πολύfor the most part, Pl.Prt.315a, etc. (but with numerals, at most, Vett. Val.9.5); “ὡς τὸ π.X.Mem.1.1.10, etc.; “τὰ πολλάTh.1.13, 2.11,87, etc.; “ὡς τὰ π.Id.5.65, etc.; “τὰ π. πάνταHdt.1.203, 2.35, 5.67.
b. of Degree, far, very much,ἀπέφυγε πολλὸν τοὺς διώκονταςId.6.82: also abs. gen. πολλοῦ very,θρασὺς εἶ πολλοῦAr.Nu.915, cf. Eup.74; “πολλοῦ δύνασθαιAlciphr.1.9 (s.v.l.); πολλοῦ πολύς, πολλὴ πολλοῦ, much too much, Ar.Eq.822,Ra.1046.
c. of Space, a great way, far,οὐ πολλόνHdt.1.104; “πολὺ οὐκ ἐξῄεσανTh.1.15, etc.
2. πολύ is freq. joined with Adjs. and Advbs.,
IV. with Preps.,
1. διὰ πολλοῦ at a great interval of Space or Time, v. διά A.1.5, 11.2.
2. εἰς πολύ for a long time, Plot.2.1.3.
3. ἐκ πολλοῦ from a great distance, Th.4.32, etc.; for a long time, v. ἐκ 11.1.
a. over a great space, far,οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόνHdt.2.32; ἐπὶ π. τῆς θαλάσσης, τῆς χώρας, Th.1.50,4.3, etc.; to a great extent, Id.1.6,18,3.83; cf. “ποιέωB.11.2.
b. for a long time, long, Id.5.16; “τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπὶ π.Id.7.38, cf. 39.
c.ὡς ἐπὶ π.very generally, Id.1.12 (v.l.), Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.195; “ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.for the most part, Th.2.13, Pl.Plt.294e, etc.; “μὴ καθ᾽ ἓν ἕκαστον, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.Isoc.4.154; “τό γ᾽ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.Id.8.35.
5. παρὰ πολύ by far, v. παρά C.111.5.
6. περὶ πολλοῦ, v. supr. 1.3.
7. πρὸ πολλοῦ far before, “τῆς πόλεωςD.H.9.35; also of Time, οὐ πρὸ π. not long before, Id.5.62.
8. σὺν πολλῷ in no small degree, only too much or too well, Hld.2.8,9.20, 10.9 (cf. CR41.53).
V. for Comp. πλείων, πλέων, Sup. πλεῖστος, v. sub vocc. (Cf. Skt. purú-, Goth. filu 'much'.)
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