A.“πόδεσι” S.Fr.240(lyr.): gen.and dat. dual ποδοῖν, Ep.“ποδοῖιν” Il.18.537:—Dor. nom. πός (cf. ἀρτίπος, πούλυπος, etc.) Lyr.Adesp.72, but πούς Tab.Heracl.2.34 (perh. Hellenistic); πῶς: πός, ὑπὸ Δωριέων, Hsch. (fort. πός: πούς, ὑ.Δ.); Lacon. πόρ , Id. (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.2.921, A.D. Adv.134.24):—foot, both of men and beasts, Il.7.212, 8.339 (both pl.), etc.; in pl., also, a bird's talons, Od.15.526; arms or feelers of a polypus, Hes.Op.524: properly the foot from the ankle down wards, Il.17.386; “ταρσὸς ποδός” 11.377, 388; ξύλινος π., of an artificial foot, Hdt.9.37: but also of the leg with the foot, as χείρ for the arm and hand, Il.23.772, Od.4.149, Luc.Alex.59.
2. foot as that with which one runs, “πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς” Il.1.215, al.; or walks, “τῷ δ᾽ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετ᾽ Ὄλυμπος” 8.443; freq. with reference to swiftness, “περιγιγνόμεθ᾽ ἄλλων πύξ τε . . ἠδὲ πόδεσσιν” Od.8.103; ποσὶν ἐρίζειν to race on foot, Il.13.325, cf. 23.792; “πόδεσσι πάντας ἐνίκα” 20.410, cf. Od.13.261; “ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο” Il.9.124, etc.; ποδῶν τιμά, αἴγλα, ἀρετά, ὁρμά, Pi.O.12.15, 13.36, P.10.23, B.9.20; “ἅμιλλαν ἐπόνει ποδοῖν” E.IA213 (lyr.): the dat. ποσί （ποσσί, πόδεσσι) is added to many Verbs denoting motion, π. βήσετο, παρέδραμον, Il.8.389, 23.636; π. θέειν, πηδᾶν, σκαίρειν, πλίσσεσθαι, ib.622,21.269, 18.572, Od.6.318; “ὀρχεῖσθαι” Hes.Th.3; “ἔρχεσθαι” Od.6.39; “πάρος ποσὶν οὖδας ἱκέσθαι” 8.376; “νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν ἤϊε μακρὰ βιβάς” Il.7.212; also emphatically with Verbs denoting to trample or tread upon, “πόσσι καταστείβοισι” Sapph.94; “ἐπεμβῆναι ποδί” S.El.456; πόδα βαίνειν, v. βαίνω A.11.4; πόδα τιθέναι to journey, Ar.Th.1100: metaph., νόστιμον ναῦς ἐκίνησεν πόδα started on its homeward way, E.Hec.940 (lyr.); νεῶν λῦσαι ποθοῦσιν οἴκαδ᾽ . . πόδα ib.1020; χειρῶν ἔκβαλλον ὀρείους πόδας ναός, i. e. oars, Tim.Pers. 102; φωνὴ τῶν π. τοῦ ὑετοῦ sound of the pattering of rain, LXX 3 Ki. 18.41.
3. as a point of measurement, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, Il.18.353; “ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἐς πόδας ἄκρους” 16.640; and reversely, “ἐκ ποδῶν δ᾽ ἄνω . . εἰς ἄκρον κάρα” A.Fr.169; “ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν ἐς τὴν κεφαλήν σοι” Ar.Pl.650; also “ἐκ τριχὸς ἄχρι ποδῶν” AP5.193 (Posidipp. or Asclep.); ἐς κορυφὰν ἐκ ποδός ib.7.388 (Bianor).
4. πρόσθε ποδός or ποδῶν, προπάροιθε ποδῶν, just before one, Il.23.877,21.601, 13.205; “τὸ πρὸ ποδὸς . . χρῆμα” Pi.I.8(7).13; “αὐτὰ τὰ πρὸ τῶν ποδῶν ὁρᾶν” X.Lac.3.4, cf.An.4.6.12, Pl.R.432d.
b. παρά or πὰρ ποδός off-hand, at once, “ἀνελέσθαι πὰρ ποδός” Thgn.282; “γνόντα τὸ πὰρ ποδός” Pi.P.3.60, cf.10.62; “πὰρ ποδί” close at hand, Id.O.1.74; but παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θυμός sank to their feet, Il.15.280; “παρὰ πόδα” in a moment, S.Ph.838 (lyr.), Pl.Sph.242a; close behind, Νέμεσις δέ γε πὰρ πόδας (leg. πόδα） βαίνει Prov. ap. Suid.; also “παρὰ πόδας” immediately afterwards Plb.1.35.3,5.26.13, Gal.5.272; “παρὰ π. οἱ ἔλεγχοι” Luc.Hist. Conscr.13, cf. Aristid.2.115 J.; “τὰ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ καὶ παρὰ πόδας” at his very feet, Pl.Tht.174a; περὶ τῶν παρὰ πόδας καὶ τῶν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ib.c; “τὸ πλησίον καὶ παρὰ π.” Luc.Cal.1.
c. ἐν ποσί in one's way, close at hand, “τὸν ἐν π. γινόμενον” Hdt.3.79, cf. Pi.P.8.32; “τἀν ποσὶν κακά” S.Ant.1327, cf. E.Andr.397; “τοὐν ποσὶν κακόν” Id.Alc.739; “τὴν ἐν ποσὶ [κώμην] αἱρεῖν” Th.3.97; “τὰ ἐν ποσὶν ἀγνοεῖν” everyday matters, Pl.Tht.175b, cf.Arist.Pol.1263a18, etc.
e. all these phrases are opp. ἐκ ποδῶν out of the way, far off, written “ἐκποδών” Hdt.6.35, etc.; also, “βίαια πάντ᾽ ἐκ ποδὸς ἐρύσαις” Pi.N.7.67.
5. to denote close pursuit, ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι follow in the track, i.e. close behind, Plb.3.68.1, cf. D.S.20.57, D.H.2.33, etc.; “ἐκ ποδῶν διώξαντες” Plu.Pel.11.
b. in earlier writers κατὰ πόδας on the heels of a person, Hdt.5.98, Th.3.98, 8.17, X.HG2.1.20, LXXGe.49.19 (also “κατὰ πόδα ὑπολαβεῖν” on the moment, Pl.Sph. 243d); ἡ κατὰ πόδας ἡμέρα the very next day, Plb.1.12.1 (but κατὰ πόδας αἱρεῖν catch it running, X.Cyr.1.6.40, cf. Mem.2.6.9): c. gen. pers., κατὰ πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν, ἰέναι, march, come close at his heels, on his track, Hdt.9.89, Th.5.64; τῇ κατὰ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας on the day immediately after it, Plb.3.45.5; “κατὰ π. τῆς μάχης” Aristid. 1.157J., etc.
6. various phrases:
b. ἐπὶ πόδα backwards facing the enemy, ἐπὶ π. ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀνάγειν, ἀναχάζεσθαι, to retire without turning to fly, leisurely, X.An. 5.2.32, Cyr.3.3.69, 7.1.34, etc.; also “ἐπὶ πόδας” Luc.Pisc.12; but γίνεται ἡ ἔξοδος οἷον ἐπὶ πόδας the offspring is as it were born feetforemost, Arist.GA752b14.
c. περὶ πόδα, properly of a shoe, round the foot, i.e. fitting exactly, “ὡς ἔστι μοι τὸ χρῆμα τοῦτο περὶ πόδα” Pl.Com.197, cf. 129: c. dat., “ὁρᾷς ὡς ἐμμελὴς ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ περὶ πόδα τῇ ἱστορίᾳ” Luc.Hist.Conscr.14, cf. Ind.10, Pseudol.23.
d. ὡς ποδῶνἔχει as he is off for feet, i. e. as quick as he can, “ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον [τάχιστα] ἐβοήθεον” Hdt.6.116; “ἐδίωκον ὡς ποδῶν ἕκαστος εἶχον” Id.9.59; “φευκτέον ὡς ἔχει ποδῶν ἕκαστος” Pl.Grg.507d; so, “σοῦσθε . . ὅπως ποδῶν <ἔχετε>” A.Supp.837 (lyr.).
e. ἔξω τινὸς πόδα ἔχειν keep one's foot out of a thing, i. e. be clear of it, “ἔξω κομίζων πηλοῦ πόδα” Id.Ch.697; “πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει” Id.Pr.265; “ἐκτὸς κλαυμάτων” S.Ph. 1260; “ἔξω πραγμάτων” E.Heracl.109: without a gen., ἐκτὸς ἔχειν πόδα Pi.P.4.289: opp. “εἰς ἄντλον ἐμβήσῃ πόδα” E.Heracl.168; “ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ . . πόδ᾽ ἔχων” Pi.O.6.8.
f. ἀμφοῖν ποδοῖν, etc., to denote energetic action, Ar.Av.35, cf. Il.13.78; “συνέχευε ποσὶν καὶ χερσὶν” 15.364; “χερσίν τε ποσίν τε καὶ σθένει” 20.360; “τιμωρήσειν χειρὶ καὶ ποδὶ καὶ πάσῃ δυνάμει” Aeschin.2.115, cf.3.109; τερπωλῆς ἐπέβημεν ὅλῳ ποδί with all the foot, i.e. entirely, A.R.4.1166, cf.D.Chr.13.19 (prob.); “καταφεύγειν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν ὥσπερ ἐκ δυοῖν ποδοῖν” Aristid.1.117J.; opp. “οὐκ ἂν προβαίην τὸν πόδα τὸν ἕτερον” Ar.Ec.161; “οὐκ ἂν ἔφασκεν ἐξελθεῖν οὐδὲ τὸν ἕτερον πόδα” Din.1.82.
g. τὴν ὑπὸ πόδα [κατάστασιν] just below them, Plb.2.68.9; ὑπὸ πόδας τίθεσθαι trample under foot, scorn, Plu.2.1097c; οἱ ὑπὸ πόδα those next below them (in rank), Onos.25.2; ὑπὸ πόδα χωρεῖν recede, decline, of strength, Ath. Med. ap.Orib. inc.21.16.
k. ἁλιεῖς ἀπὸ ποδός prob. fishermen who fish from the land, not from boats, BGU221.5 (i1/iii A. D.); ποτίσαι ἀπὸ ποδός perh. irrigate by the feet (of oxen turning the irrigation-wheel), PRyl.157.21 (ii A. D.); τόπον . . ἀπὸ ποδὸς ἐξηρτισμένον dub. sens. in POsl.55.11 (ii/iii A. D.).
7. πούς τινος, as periphr. for a person as coming, etc., σὺν πατρὸς μολὼν ποδί, i.e. σὺν πατρί, E.Hipp.661; “παρθένου δέχου πόδα” Id.Or. 1217, cf. Hec.977, HF336; “χρόνου πόδα” Id.Ba.889 (lyr.), Ar.Ra. 100; also ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός, i.e. μόνος ὤν, S.Ph.91; οἱ δ᾽ ἀφ᾽ ἡσύχου π., i.e. οἱ ἡσύχως ζῶντες, E.Med.217.
II. metaph., of things, foot, lowest part, esp. foot of a hill, Il.2.824, 20.59 (pl.), Pi.P.11.36, etc.; of a table, couch, etc., Ar.Fr.530, X.Cyr.8.8.16, etc.; cf. πέζα; of the side strokes at the foot of the letter Ω, Callias ap.Ath.10.454a; = ποδεών 11.1, “ἀσκοῦ . . λῦσαι π.” E.Med.679.
2. in a ship, πόδες are the two lower corners of the sail, or the ropes fastened therelo, by which the sails are tightened or slackened, sheets (cf. “ποδεών” 11.4), Od.5.260; χαλᾶν πόδα ease off the sheet, as is done when a squall is coming, E.Or.707; τοῦ ποδὸς παρίει let go hold of it, Ar.Eq.436; “ἐκδοῦναι ὀλίγον τοῦ ποδός” Luc.Cont.3; ἐκπετάσουσι πόδα ναός (with reference to the sail), E.IT1135 (lyr.): opp. τεῖναι πόδα haul it tight, S.Ant. 715; ναῦς ἐνταθεῖσα ποδί a ship with her sheet close hauled, E.Or.706; “κὰδ᾽ δ᾽ . . λαῖφος ἐρυσσάμενοι τανύοντο ἐς πόδας ἀμφοτέρους” A.R.2.932; “ἱστία . . ἐτάνυσσαν ὑπ᾽ ἀμφοτέροισι πόδεσσι” Q.S.9.438.
b. perh. of the rudder or steering-paddle, “αἰεὶ γὰρ πόδα νηὸς ἐνώμων” Od.10.32 (cf. Sch.ad loc.); “πὰρ ποδὶ ναός” Pi.N.6.55.
IV. foot in Prosody, Ar.Ra.1323 (lyr.), Pl.R.400a, Aristox. Harm.p.34 M., Heph.3.1, etc.; so of a metrical phrase or passage, “ἔκμετρα καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸν π.” Luc.Pr.Im.18; of a long passage declaimed in one breath, “κήρυκες ὅταν τὸν καλούμενον πόδα μέλλωσιν ἐρεῖν” Gal.4.459, cf. Luc.Demon.65, Poll.4.91.
V. boundary stone, Is.Fr.27. (Cf. Lat. pes, Goth. fotus, etc. 'foot'; related to πέδον as noted by Arist. IA706a33.)
