Iulia
1.
A daughter of Iulius Caesar by Cornelia, celebrated for her beauty and excellent character.
She had been affianced to Servilius Caepio, and was on the point of being given to him in
marriage, when her father bestowed her upon Pompey (
Plut.
Pomp. 47; Appian.
B. C. i. 14). Iulia possessed great
influence over both her father and her husband, and as long as she lived prevented any
outbreak between them. Her sudden death, however, in childbed, severed the tie that had in
some degree bound Pompey to his father-in-law, and no private considerations any longer
existed to allay the jealousies which political disputes might arouse
between them. The amiable character of Iulia, and her constant affection for her husband,
gained for her the general regard of the people; and this they showed by insisting on
celebrating her funeral in the Campus Martius, a compliment scarcely ever paid to a woman
before (
Iul. 21, 26, 84).
2.
The sister of Iulius Caesar. She married M. Atius Balbus, and became by him the mother of
Octavia Minor and Augustus (
Iul. 74;
Aug. 4, 8).
3.
The aunt of Iulius Caesar. At her decease, her nephew pronounced a eulogy from the Rostra
over her remains (
Iul. 6).
4.
The daughter of Augustus by his first wife Scribonia. As he had no children by Livia, whom
he had subsequently espoused, Iulia remained his
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Iulia, daughter or Augustus.
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sole heiress, and the choice of her husband became a matter of great importance.
She was first married to her cousin M. Marcellus (B.C. 25), the nephew of Augustus by his
sister Octavia, and the person celebrated by Vergil in the famous lines of the sixth
Aeneid. But Marcellus dying young and without children, Augustus selected for
the second husband of his daughter his oldest friend and most useful adherent, M. Vipsanius
Agrippa. This marriage seemed to answer all the wishes of Augustus, for Iulia became the
mother of five children—Gaius , Lucius, Iulia, Agrippina, and Agrippa Postumus.
Agrippa died B.C. 12, and Iulia was married, for the third time, to Tiberius Claudius Nero,
the son of Livia, and afterwards emperor. Tiberius subsequently thought proper to withdraw
from Rome to the island of Rhodes, where he lived in the greatest retirement. During his
absence, his wife Iulia was guilty of such gross infidelities towards him that Augustus
himself divorced her in the name of his son-in-law, and banished her to the island of
Pandataria, off the Campanian coast, where she was closely confined for some time, and
treated with the greatest rigour; nor would Augustus ever forgive her, or receive her again
into his presence, although he afterwards removed her from Pandataria to Rhegium, and
somewhat softened the severity of her treatment. When her husband Tiberius ascended the
throne (A.D. 14) she was again severely dealt with, and soon died of ill-treatment and
starvation.
5.
The granddaughter of Augustus, and daughter of Agrippa and Iulia 4. She was married to L.
Paulus, but, imitating the licentious conduct of her mother, was banished by Augustus for her
adulterous practices to the island of Tremerus, off the coast of Apulia, where she continued
to live for the space of twenty years, and where at last she died (
Tac. Ann. iv. 71).
6.
A daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina, married in A.D. 33 to M. Vinicius. She was cut off
by the intrigues of Messalina, who accused her of adultery with the philosopher Seneca
(Dio Cass. lix. 3, 8).
7.
Daughter of Caligula and Milonia Caesaria. Her father carried her to the temples of all the
goddesses, and dedicated her to Minerva, as the patroness of her education. She showed in her
infancy strong indications of the cruelty that branded both her parents. She suffered death
with her mother after the assassination of Caligula (
Calig. 25, 59).
8.
See
Domna.
9.
Daughter of Titus the son of Vespasian, and married to Flavius Sabinus, Vespa
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Iulia, daughter of Titus. (Gem in the King Collection.)
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sian's nephew. She lived in criminal intercourse with the emperor Domitian, and
died of an abortion caused by him.
10.
See
Drusilla.
11.
See
Maesa.
