Plutarch, De tuenda sanitate praecepta
Frank Cole Babbitt, Ed.

If, however, such imperative occasions suddenly confront us when we are overloaded and in no condition for taking part—if, for instance, we receive an invitation from a high official, or guests appear, so [p. 227] that we are constrained by a false sense of shame to join company with men who are in fit condition and to drink with them—then especially, in order to combat ‘shame which works mischief for men’ ¹ (or rather I would call it shamefacedness), we should summon to our defence the words which Creon speaks ² in the tragedy :

'Twere better, friend, to gain your hatred now Than be soft-hearted and lament anon.

For to be so afraid of being thought ill-bred as to plunge oneself into a pleurisy or brain-fever is proof that one is in very truth ill-bred, possessed of neither sense nor the reason which knows how to consort with men without the wine-glass and the savour of food.³ For a request to be excused, if characterized by cleverness and wit, is no less agreeable than joining in the round of gaiety ; and if a man provides a banquet in the same spirit in which he provides a burnt-offering which it is forbidden to taste, and personally abstains when the wine-cup and the table are before him, at the same time volunteering cheerfully some playful allusion to himself, he will create a pleasanter impression than the man who gets drunk and gormandizes for company. Of the men of earlier times he ⁴ mentioned Alexander,⁵ who, after a prolonged debauch, was ashamed to say no to the challenges of Medius, and abandoned himself to a fresh round of hard drinking, which cost him his life; and of the men of our time he mentioned Regulus the prize-fighter. For when Titus Caesar called him to the bath at daybreak, [p. 229] he came and bathed with him, took but one drink, they say, and died immediately from a stroke of apoplexy.

These are the teachings which Glaucus in derision quoted aggressively to us as pedantic. The rest he was not eager to hear, nor we to tell him. But I beg that you will examine each of the several statements.