The great majority and the wisest of men hold
this opinion : they believe that there are two gods,
rivals as it were, the one the Artificer of good and the
other of evil. There are also those who call the better
one a god and the other a daemon, as, for example,
[p. 113]
Zoroaster1 the sage,2 who, they record, lived five
thousand years before the time of the Trojan War. He
called the one Oromazes and the other Areimanius3;
and he further declared that among all the things perceptible to the senses, Oromazes may best be compared
to light, and Areimanius, conversely, to darkness and
ignorance, and midway between the two is Mithras ;
for this reason the Persians give to Mithras the name,
of ‘Mediator.’ Zoroaster has also taught that men
should make votive offerings and thank-offerings to
Oromazes, and averting and mourning offerings to
Areimanius. They pound up in a mortar a certain
plant called omomi, at the same time invoking Hades4
and Darkness ; then they mix it with the blood of a
wolf that has been sacrificed, and carry it out and
cast it into a place where the sun never shines. In
fact, they believe that some of the plants belong to
the good god and others to the evil daemon ; so also
of the animals they think that dogs, fowls, and hedgehogs, for example, belong to the good god, but that
water-rats5 belong to the evil one ; therefore the
man who has killed the most of these they hold to
be fortunate.
1 The casual reader will gain a better understanding of chapters 46 and 47 if he will consult some brief book or article on Zoroaster (Zarathustra) and the Persian religion.
2 That is, one of the Persian Magi or Wise Men.
3 Cf. Moralia, 1026 b, and Diogenes Laertius, Prologue, 2.
4 Cf. Diogenes Laertius, Prologue, 8.
5 Cf. Moralia, 537 a and 670 d.