Dog you shall be, pet of bright Hecatê.But the great majority of the Egyptians, in doing service to the animals themselves and in treating them as gods, have not only filled their sacred offices with ridicule and derision, but this is the least of the evils connected with their silly practices. There is engendered a dangerous belief, which plunges the weak and innocent into sheer superstition, and in the case of the [p. 167] more cynical and bold, goes off into atheistic and brutish reasoning.5 Wherefore it is not inappropriate to rehearse in some detail what seem to be the facts in these matters.
This is not quite the
case : but they do lament for their crops and they do
pray to the gods, who are the authors and givers, that
they produce and cause to grow afresh other new
crops to take the place of those that are undergoing
destruction. Hence it is an excellent saying current
[p. 165]
among philosophers that they that have not learned
to interpret rightly the sense of words are wont to
bungle their actions.1 For example, there are some
among the Greeks who have not learned nor habituated themselves to speak of the bronze, the painted,
and the stone effigies as statues of the gods and
dedications in their honour, but they call them gods ;
and then they have the effrontery to say that Lachares
stripped Athena,2 that Dionysius sheared Apollo of
the golden locks, and that Jupiter Capitolinus was
burned and destroyed in the Civil War,3 and thus
they unwittingly take over and accept the vicious
opinions that are the concomitants of these names.
This has been to no small degree the experience of
the Egyptians in regard to those animals that are held
in honour. In these matters the Greeks are correct in
saying and believing that the dove is the sacred bird of
Aphroditê, that the serpent is sacred to Athena, the
raven to Apollo, and the dog to Artemis - as Euripides4 says,
1 Cf. Moralia, 707 f.
2 The gold was removed by him from the chryselephantine statue of Athena in the Parthenon; cf. W. B. Dinsmoor, Amer. Journ. Arch. xxxviii. (1934) p. 97.
3 July 6, 83 b.c., according to Life of Sulla, chap. xxvii. (469 b). The numerous references may be found in Roscher, Lexikon der gr. und röm. Mythologie, ii. 714.
4 Nauck, Trag. Frag. Graec., Euripides, no. 968.
5 See the note on 355 d, supra.