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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sy'mmachus (search)
ragment from an historical work Jornandes (de Rebus Get. 15) quotes a long passage from an historical work by Symmachus, but it is extremely doubtful whether this Symmachus is the same person with the Symmachus we have now been discussing. Editions The editio princeps of the epistles of Symmachus, which contains but a small number of letters, was printed in 4to., by Bartholomaeus Cynischus of Ameria, and although without date or name of place, is known to have been published during the pontificate of Pope Julius II., that is, A. D. 1503-1513. The second edition, 4to. Argentorat. 1510, is also very imperfect; but in those printed at Basle, 8vo. 1549, Paris, 4to. 1580, and by Vignon and his heirs, 1587, 1598, and 1601, the collection was gradually enlarged from MSS., until it attained to its present magnitude. No really good edition of these letters has yet appeared, but the most useful for general purposes are those of Juretus, 4to. Paris, 1604, and of Scioppius, 4to. Mogunt. 1608.
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 11: army organization.—Artillery.—Its history and organization, with a brief Notice of the different kinds of Ordnance, the Manufacture of Projectiles, &c. (search)
e able to discharge only forty shot in the course of a day; and it is noticed as a remarkable circumstance, at the siege of Albahar, that two batteries discharged one hundred and forty balls in the course of the twenty-four hours! In the Italian wars between France and Spain, in the beginning of the sixteenth century, the difficulty of moving the heavy cannon then in use was so great that only a very small number of pieces were brought upon the battle-field. At the battle of Cerignola, in 1503, the number of cannon in the French army was only thirteen. Indeed, during the greater part of this century, four or five pieces were considered sufficient for an ordinary army in the field, and many agreed to the doctrine of Machiavelli, that the only legitimate use of artillery was in the attack and defence of places. But in the wars of Henry IV. of France, this arm of service was again increased, and the troops which this king destined against the house of Austria had an artillery train
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Americus Vespucius, 1451-1512 (search)
Antilles. and returned to Spain in June, 1500, and sold his victims for slaves to Spanish grandees. In May, 1501, Vespucius, then in the service of the King of Portugal, sailed on his second voyage to America, exploring the coast of Brazil. In 1503 he commanded a caravel in a squadron destined for America, but parted company with the other vessels, and off the coast of Brazil discovered the Bay of All-Saints. He then ran along the coast 260 leagues, and, taking in a cargo of Brazil wood, refifteen months; and for eleven days we navigated without seeing the North Star, nor the Great or Little Bears, which they call el corno, and we were guided by the stars of the other Pole. This is what I saw on this voyage. 2. March (or April), 1503. Alberico Vesputio to Lorenzo Pietro de‘ Medici, salutation. In past days I wrote very fully to you of my return from the new countries, which have been found and explored with the ships, at the cost, and by the command, of this Most Serene Ki
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cortereal, Gasper 1500- (search)
id not land; Cortereal landed in several places, and gave purely Portuguese names to localities. The natives appearing to him rugged and strong and capital material for slaves, he seized fifty of them, and, carrying them to Portugal, made a profitable sale of his captives. The profits of this voyage excited the cupidity of Cortereal and his King (Emanuel the Great), and they prepared to carry on an active slave-trade with Labrador. Cortereal went on a second voyage in 1501, but was supposed to have been lost at sea; and his brother Michael, who went in search of him, was never heard of afterwards. An expedition sent by the King in 1503 found no trace of him. The commander of one of the vessels seized fifty-seven natives as slaves, but most of them were lost in the ships. The King declared that Cortereal was the first discoverer of the American continent, and he caused a map to be published in 1508, in which the coast of Labrador is called Terra Corterealis, or Cortereal's Land.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), United States of America. (search)
ain in irons. He is received with honor at Court and the charges dismissed without inquiry......Dec. 17, 1500 The first map to show America is Las Casas's......1500 Columbus sails on his fourth and last voyage with four caravels and 150 men from Cadiz......May 9, 1502 Discovers the island of Martinique......June 13, 1502 Discovers various islands on the coast of Honduras and explores the coast of the Isthmus......July, 1502 Amerigo Vespucci on the South American coast......1501-3 Columbus finally leaves the New World for Spain......Sept. 12, 1504 Queen Isabella of Spain dies......Nov. 26, 1504 Columbus dies at Valladolid......May 20, 1506 Juan Diaz de Solis and Vicente Yañez Pinzon are on the southeast coast of Yucatan......1506 [De Cordova, 1517; Grijalva, 1518; Cortez, 1519.] Waldseemuller's or the Admiral's map......probably 1507 First English publication to mention America......1509 Francisco Pizarro reaches Darien......1509 Alonso de O
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 291 (search)
of the natives. Many of them were subdued by conquest, and became slaves to the conquerers. But the brave warrior spurned the fetters of the slave, and when his bow and arrow could not defend his liberty, his proud heart broke, and he died under the degradation, and in the humility of bondage. Whole tribes became extinct,--perished and disappeared. And it was in the fatal progress of this destruction of human life, and the ill success of slavery among the native tribes, that Portugal, in 1503, sent from her possessions on the coast of Africa — the first African slaves to America. The experiment of African labor proved eminently successful. H-ere was an animal, in the form of man, possessing the greatest physical power, and the greatest capacity for labor and endurance, without one principle of his nature, one faculty of mind or feeling of heart, without spirit or pride of character, to enable him to regard slavery as a degradation. A wild barbarian, to be tamed and civilized by
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ana, 1590. b. Cortez found smoking the pipe to be an established custom in Mexico. Bernal Diaz relates that Montezuma had his pipe brought in great state by the ladies of his court after he had dined, and washed his mouth with scented water. Fine-cut tobacco-machine. In the city of Mexico, tobacco-pipes of various forms and grotesque shapes are dug up from time to time. The mound-builders were inveterate smokers. — Squier; Davis. c. When the Spaniards landed in Paraguay, in 1503, the chewing natives spurted the juice toward them. Pizarro found tobacco-chewers in Peru. Masticatories were used anciently in Europe. Plutarch says that the chewing of mallows is very wholesome, and the stalk of asphodel very luscious. See also tea. d. Snuffling was practiced by the Aztecs and by the Brazilians. See Brazilian snuff-mill, Fig. 5262, page 2232. Roger Pane, in 1494, speaks of the inhalation of snuff through tubes. The principal tobacco of commerce is derived
The Cambridge of eighteen hundred and ninety-six: a picture of the city and its industries fifty years after its incorporation (ed. Arthur Gilman), The Cambridge idea. (search)
nd can hardly be imagined. 6. The climax of all this was reached when, in the election of 1895, the city, realizing that its vote would determine the character of the fiftieth anniversary year of our present municipal organization, gathered itself together, and, in a peculiarly difficult and malignant campaign which was being waged on behalf of rum,—in the room of its previous majority of 599, and of the largest majority which it had ever cast, namely 843,—broke all records, and registered 1503 as its tenth annual verdict against the saloon. That memorable day, the ringing of the bells in the evening, the jubilee meeting that was held, the enthusiasm, for days and weeks thereafter, of our people over this unprecedented victory, this tenth milestone of our success, will never be forgotten by those who in any way participated in the same. It is impossible in this article to treat this general subject with any fullness, or even in adequate outline. The reader is referred to Mr. Ed
Cambridge sketches (ed. Estelle M. H. Merrill), Cambridge as a no-license city. (search)
ff in drunken violence which have resulted from closing the saloons; and physicians, large employers of labor, school teachers and Protestant and Catholic clergymen have testified to improvement in the condition of the people. As to the effect of no-license upon local business, 266 business men in all departments of trade signed a public statement in December. 1841, declaring their conviction that no-license had promoted the material interests of the city and expressing the hope that the policy would be continued. Following is a record of the vote each year. It will be seen that the no-license majority since 1886 has ranged between 486 and 1503, but never has been large enough to justify a relaxation of effort: Yes.No.Majority. 1881261426086 188227722379393 188331162522594 1884365925221137 88527642234530 88623442910566 188737274293566 188838194483664 188933003793493 1890364180569 18913565405486 189247635606843 189345395329790 189445005099599 1895416056631503
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, A book of American explorers, chapter 2 (search)
Book II: Columbus and his companions. (A. D. 1492-1503.) Reception of Columbus by Ferdinand and Isabella. The following passages are taken from Select Letters of Christopher Columbus, published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1-17, 20-22, 27, 33-36, 40-42, 114-121, 129-138, 200-202, 205-210, 214-225. Theset with me. Vii.—How Diego Mendez got food for Columbus. [also taken from the last will of Diego Mendez.] On the last day of April, in the year fifteen hundred and three, we left Veragua, with three ships, intending to make our passage homeward to Spain; but, as the ships were all pierced and eaten by the teredo, Ship-e set sail, and went to San Domingo, and thence to Spain. IX.—Appeal of Columbus in his old age. [to the King and Queen of Spain. Taken from his letter (1503) describing his fourth voyage.] Such is my fate, that the twenty years of service through which I have passed with so much toil and danger have profited me noth
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