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1648 AD (search for this): chapter 1
thening the fortifications, which had suffered from neglect; but the panic soon subsided, and after that year such dangers were removed to an ever receding frontier. The settlers of New England dreaded heresy far more than they dreaded Indians, and in 1646 a synod of delegates from the colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven was assembled at Cambridge, in order to define their creed and agree upon a system of church government. The work of the synod was finished in 1648. The Westminster Assembly's creed was adopted, as also a platform of church discipline, known as the Cambridge Platform, upon which all the Congregational churches of New England were able to stand for the next four generations. While the synod was in session the first permanent schoolhouse was built, on the west side of Holyoke Street, where it stood until 1769; for nearly another century its site was occupied by the printing-press long since famous as the University Press. The parsonag
1873 AD (search for this): chapter 1
the Norton estate, were acquired from that part of Charlestown which is now Somerville. After 1732, Menotomy was the Second Parish of Cambridge, until 1807, when it was incorporated a distinct town under the clumsy title of West Cambridge, for which the name Arlington was substituted in 1867. After 1779, the territory remaining on the south side of Charles River was known as the Third Parish, or Little Cambridge, until 1807, when it became a separate town under the name of Brighton. In 1873, Brighton was annexed to Boston. It was in the natural course of things that these outlying districts should with increase of population become organized at first into independent parishes and afterward into separate towns. In 1650, they were little else but wilderness. The palisades were needed to protect Cambridge from wild beasts much more than from any human foes. On February 13, 1665, we find the constables ordered to allow Justinian Holden ten shillings towards a wolf, killed part
1671 AD (search for this): chapter 1
nnkeeper in those days must be a man of approved character, and the position was most respectable. We find that in 1652 the townsmen do grant liberty to Andrew Belcher to sell beer and bread, for entertainment of strangers and the good of the town. The wife of this Andrew Belcher was sister of Thomas Danforth, the deputy-governor; their son, who also became mine host, was a member of the Council, and their grandson was Jonathan Belcher, royal governor of Massachusetts and of New Jersey. In 1671, at the northeast corner of Mount Auburn and Boylston streets, the first Belcher opened the famous Blue Anchor Tavern, which remained on that spot until 1737, when its sign was transferred to a more commodious house on the west side of Boylston Street, nearly opposite the recent site of the post-office. In a parlor of the Blue Anchor, the selectmen of Cambridge used to hold their meetings, in which the carking cares of public business were pleasantly assuaged with cool punch in the summer mo
1890 AD (search for this): chapter 1
l Boylston Street, and leading across to what we call Allston. There was no other bridge until the one from East Cambridge to Charlestown was finished in 1786, soon to be followed by West Boston Bridge in 1793, which wrought a great change in the facing of Cambridge toward Boston. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the true river front of Cambridge was at the Great Bridge. The filling in of Back Bay, the westward expansion of Boston, and the completion of Harvard Bridge in 1890, have been steps toward restoring the ancient frontage. The first Meeting-House stood on the southwest corner of Dunster and Mount Auburn streets. It was soon found too small and flimsy, and in 1650 a better one was built at the southwest corner of the College Yard, nearly on the site of Dane Hall. From 1650 to 1833 that spot was occupied by the Meeting-House of the First Parish. The space between the sites of Church and Garden streets was inclosed as a graveyard or God's Acre in 1636.
August (search for this): chapter 1
e Hampdens of Watertown utter their memorable protest. In the summer of 1632, a congregation from Braintree in Essex came over to Massachusetts and began to settle near Mount Wollaston, where they left the name of Braintree on the map; but in August they removed to the New Town, where Braintree Street took its name from them. Their pastor, the eminent Thomas Hooker, who had been obliged to flee to Holland, arrived in the course of the next year. This accession raised the population of the tes for the ensuing year, there was some fear of a tumult, until Mr. Wilson climbed into a gnarled and ancient oak-tree and made a sensible speech to the people. Winthrop was elected governor, and the Hutchinsonians were thoroughly defeated. In August, a synod, assembled in the meeting-house, condemned eighty-two opinions as blasphemous, erroneous, or unsafe. In November, the General Court summoned Mrs. Hutchinson to the New Town, and sentenced her to banishment from Massachusetts, with many
1700 AD (search for this): chapter 1
was, of course, the cardinal event in the history of Cambridge. In October, 1636, the General Court agreed to give £ 400 toward the founding of a college; in November, 1637, it was ordered that the college should be placed in the New Town. And as wee were thinking and consulting how to effect this great work, it pleased God to stir up the heart of one Mr. Harvard (a godly gentleman, and a lover of learning, there living amongst us) to give the one halfe of his estate (it being in all about £ 1700) towards the erecting of a Colledge, and all his Library; after him another gave £ 300, others after them cast in more, and the publique hand of the state added the rest. New England's First Fruits, p. 12. Most of the clergymen who came to New England were graduates of Cambridge, and as soon as the New Town was designated as the seat of the college, people seem to have begun calling it Cambridge. In May, 1638, this change of name was sanctioned by the General Court, and in March, 1639,
1696 AD (search for this): chapter 1
ington. Then in 1688, Newton, which had been known as Cambridge Village and sometimes as New Cambridge, became an independent township under name of Newtown. The Lexington area was known as Cambridge Farms, but the founding of a church there in 1696 was the preliminary to separation, and in 1713 Cambridge Farms became a distinct town by the name of Lexington. In 1754, the boundary between Cambridge and Watertown was carried westward about half a mile from its former position at or near Spat would be interesting to know on just what principle the locality of that brute's death was divided. In 1690, the town treasurer allows £ 1 per wolf for 52 wolves killed by Englishmen, but an Indian for the same service gets only half price. In 1696, the reward for killing 76 wolves was 13s. 4d. per head. Bears also roamed in the woods, and persons were sometimes killed by them, but the appearance of a bear in 1754 in what is now East Cambridge was remarked upon as extraordinary. The near
1793 AD (search for this): chapter 1
the south bank through Brookline to Boston Neck. The only other communication with Boston was through Charlestown and by ferry to Copp's Hill. The inconvenience of depending solely upon ferries was soon felt, and by 1662 the Great Bridge was built, connected by a causeway with what we call Boylston Street, and leading across to what we call Allston. There was no other bridge until the one from East Cambridge to Charlestown was finished in 1786, soon to be followed by West Boston Bridge in 1793, which wrought a great change in the facing of Cambridge toward Boston. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the true river front of Cambridge was at the Great Bridge. The filling in of Back Bay, the westward expansion of Boston, and the completion of Harvard Bridge in 1890, have been steps toward restoring the ancient frontage. The first Meeting-House stood on the southwest corner of Dunster and Mount Auburn streets. It was soon found too small and flimsy, and in 1650 a
1807 AD (search for this): chapter 1
valuable area for dwellings. Between 1802 and 1820, other desirable acquisitions, including the Norton estate, were acquired from that part of Charlestown which is now Somerville. After 1732, Menotomy was the Second Parish of Cambridge, until 1807, when it was incorporated a distinct town under the clumsy title of West Cambridge, for which the name Arlington was substituted in 1867. After 1779, the territory remaining on the south side of Charles River was known as the Third Parish, or Little Cambridge, until 1807, when it became a separate town under the name of Brighton. In 1873, Brighton was annexed to Boston. It was in the natural course of things that these outlying districts should with increase of population become organized at first into independent parishes and afterward into separate towns. In 1650, they were little else but wilderness. The palisades were needed to protect Cambridge from wild beasts much more than from any human foes. On February 13, 1665, we f
1000 AD (search for this): chapter 1
land occupied by Cambridge was bought of this tribe, apparently for £ 10 beside an annual present of a coat to the squaw sachem during her lifetime. The relations between white men and red men were friendly. In 1644, these Mystic Indians voluntarily put themselves under the protection and jurisdiction of the English government at Boston. Eliot's first sermon to the Indians was preached in 1646 at Nonantum, south of Charles River, and at that time within the limits of Cambridge. More than 1000 Indians in the country between Boston and Worcester came to profess Christianity, and it was hoped that Harvard College could be used effectively in civilizing them. But Harvard had only one Indian graduate, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck, who received his degree in 1665 and died the next year. In the terrible crisis of King Philip's War some of the praying Indians found the ties of blood stronger than those of religion, and a fierce popular distrust was aroused against them. In the early spring o
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