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Greenock (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 19
Fulton afterward devoted his attention to a submarine battery, for which he obtained a patent in 1813. In 1814 a steam man-of-war was launched under the name of Fulton the first. He died in 1815 Bell's steamboat, the Comet, was built in Greenock, and plied in 1812 between Glasgow and Greenock. It had 40 feet keel, 10 1/2 feet beam, was fitted with a portable engine of 3 horsepower, and was propelled by paddle-wheels. He lost money by the operation, but had a safe, practical boat whichGreenock. It had 40 feet keel, 10 1/2 feet beam, was fitted with a portable engine of 3 horsepower, and was propelled by paddle-wheels. He lost money by the operation, but had a safe, practical boat which made trips all round the coasts of the British Islands. Bell's boat, comet. In 1814, there were 5 steamers making regular passage in Scottish waters, and none in England or Ireland In 1820, England had 17; Scotland, 14; Ireland, 3. In 1840, it stood thus: England. 987; Scotland, 244; Ireland, 79. The Majestic was navigated from Glasgow to Dublin in 1814, by Dodd. In 1817, 7 steamboats plied on the Thames under Dodd's direction. A Parliamentary commission of 1817 stated the necessit
Niagara River (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 19
1,270 tons, and the average about 400 tons; the strain required to break the four cables, nearly 60,000 tons. The cost is estimated at $6,675,000. In Fig. 6093, the bridges represented are drawn to the same scale. a, railway-bridge, Niagara River (1855). b, Alleghany River Bridge, Pittsburg (1860). c, Cincinnati Bridge, over the Ohio (1867). d, Niagara Falls Upper Bridge (1869). e, East River Bridge, New York and Brooklyn. Relative spans of suspension-bridges in the Un River, New York.New York and Brooklyn.1,600In progressRoebling. Niagara (upper)NiagaraNiagara Falls1,2501869 CincinnatiOhioCincinnati1,057Roebling. WheelingOhioWheeling1,0101848Ellet. FribourgSarineFribourg870631834Chaley. NiagaraNiagaraNiagara River821.4751848Roebling. CliftonAvonSomersetshire, England7021864 Charing CrossThamesLondon, England676.5501845I. K. Brunel. DanubePesth666451850Clarke. La Roche BernardVilaineLa Roche Bernard, France650.4501846Leblanc. NashvilleCumberlandNas
Paris, Ky. (Kentucky, United States) (search for this): chapter 19
Assyrian arched drain of the Northwest palace Nimroud, and (b) one of the Southeast palace on the same old site. All the arches yet discovered are of brick, made of voussoir shape for the purpose. Some are sun-baked, and others kiln-burned. The greatest span found is 15 feet. They are usually semicircular. The only exception is that shown at b, in which ordinary bricks are used, the extrados being gained by wedges of mortar. In no modern city, perhaps, is the system so complete as in Paris. Its origin dates back as far as the year 1412. The excavations made in order to obtain the limestone of which the city is largely built, and the catacombs, were subsequently made available for sewerage purposes, and now few streets are without these subterranean channels. The principal ones convey both foul and clean water, the former flowing along a trench at the bottom and the latter through pipes supported on brackets. They have one set of openings from the street to receive the drai
Peru (Peru) (search for this): chapter 19
to the rolling pestle in each mortar. The snuff-mills of Holland are on a very large scale, and are impelled by wind. Brazilian snuff-mill and Sniffers. Although Columbus found smokers in the Antilles, and Pizarro first beheld chewers in Peru, yet Brazilians were the first and best fabricators of snuff. Fig. 5262 illustrates their milling and sniffing apparatus. The figure represents a slab of rosewood with a depression for holding the dried leaves while being triturated with a stickin completing when the work was terminated by an irruption of water; as the inventor of a locomotive railway-engine employed in the vicinity of Merthyr Tydvil in 1804; of mining-engines and machinery and coining apparatus for the silver regions of Peru; of ore-refining furnaces; and of various improvements in steam-engines, hydraulic engines, propelling and towing vessels, discharging and stowing ships' cargoes, floating-docks, construction of docks, buoys, steam-boilers, heating apartments, et
Canada (Canada) (search for this): chapter 19
to other as profitable Uses. In Michigan and Wisconsin, Canada, Maine, and Pennsylvania, the lumber business is carried ot above the city of Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion of Canada. Five of these mills are on the south side of the river aploy about 700 men in the bush (as the forest is called in Canada) and 300 spans of horses. The logs are marked, floated in 1873, but first introduced into use in the Dominion of Canada. The shoe is held stationary by the treadle-clamp, and thn, of all Central Europe, of the United States of America, Canada, the Hudson's Bay Territory, Northwest America, Alaska, tht lines of canals. About 78 miles of the Rideau Canal, in Canada, are formed in this way, and it is met with on the Erie, On of the Pacific Railway and on the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, great preparations are made in advance of the winter seasles and anchors, 1,888 feet. Hight of towers above rock on Canada side 105 feet, and on American side 100 feet. Base of towe
Clifton, Arizona (Arizona, United States) (search for this): chapter 19
-bridges in the United States. dimensions of some of the principal suspension-bridges in the order of their length of span. Name.River.Place.Span.Deflection.Date.Engineer. Feet.Feet. New York and Brooklyn.East River, New York.New York and Brooklyn.1,600In progressRoebling. Niagara (upper)NiagaraNiagara Falls1,2501869 CincinnatiOhioCincinnati1,057Roebling. WheelingOhioWheeling1,0101848Ellet. FribourgSarineFribourg870631834Chaley. NiagaraNiagaraNiagara River821.4751848Roebling. CliftonAvonSomersetshire, England7021864 Charing CrossThamesLondon, England676.5501845I. K. Brunel. DanubePesth666451850Clarke. La Roche BernardVilaineLa Roche Bernard, France650.4501846Leblanc. NashvilleCumberlandNashville, Tenn650Foster. MenaiMenai StraitsWales570431826Telford. UnionTweedGreat Britain449301820Sir S. Brown. MontroseEsteScotland432421829Sir. S. Brown. HammersmithThamesLondon, England422.2529.51824Tierney Clarke. Albert 3 spans; 150, 400, 150.ThamesChelsea, England400
Suez (Egypt) (search for this): chapter 19
, which opened to afford ships a passage through and then quickly shut again. He speaks of the canal as constructed by Necos, the son of Psammeticus, afterward partially restored by Darius the Persian, and subsequently by Ptolemy the second. Strabo mentions an eriplus (a gate) which Ptolemy Philadolphus constructed when he reopened the canal, and which opened an easy passage from the Red Sea to the canal. The French Survey, during their occupation of Egypt, determined that the Red Sea at Suez at high water is 32 feet 6 inches higher than the Mediterranean at Tyneh at low water. The ancient canal was made by Sesostris, according to Aristotle, Strabo, and Pliny. It commenced about 12 miles northeast of the modern town of Belbays, the Bubastis Agria of the Romans, and was about 96 miles long. It appears to have been reopened by Necho, about 605 B. C., and Ptolemy Philadelphus, about 300 B. C. 60,000 men are said to have perished in the latter undertaking It was neglected by the
Dresden (Saxony, Germany) (search for this): chapter 19
cinder. 2. (Bakery.) One of the beech scantlings which form a frame around the congregated loaves in the oven and keep them in place. Set-work. （Plastering.) Two-coat plastering on lath. Laid and set. Sev′er-y. （Architecture.) A bay or compartment of a vaulted ceiling. Sevres Por′ce-lain. Porcelain of fine quality, made at the French government works, at Sevres. It is principally of a peculiarly fine and delicate quality, for ornament rather than use. Berlin, Dresden, and Munich have national ceramic works. Sew′age. The surface drainage, slops, excrementitious matter, and other filth carried off by sewers. Sewerage is a term applied to the sewers and drains of a town collectively. When the sewers merely receive the street drainage and the liquid refuse from kitchens, etc., the disposition of this comparatively innocuous matter presents but little difficulty; it is discharged into the nearest running stream without danger of contamination.
Lapland (search for this): chapter 19
hird, a line of sines; fourth, tangents to 45°; fifth, secants; sixth, tangents above 45°; seventh, polygons. In surveying, the instrument is mounted on a leg or tripod, and the bob depending from the axis of the rule-joint indicates the station exactly. 2. (Astronomy.) An instrument of long radius and small arc, as the dip-sector and zenith-sec-Tor (which see). Graham made the sector by which Bradley detected aberration and the instrument which the French Academicians carried to Lapland to measure an are of the meridian. 3. (Gearing.) A toothed gear shaped like the sector of a circle, its face forming the are. Its action is reciprocating, and the pitch of its teeth is not necessarily an aliquot part of the circumference. Sec′tor-al Ba-rom′e-ter. Invented by Magellan. The hight of the mercurial column is found by the angle at which it is necessary to incline the tube, in order to bring the mercury to a certain mark on the instrument. Sec′tor-cyl′in-der ste
Pacific Ocean (search for this): chapter 19
ristopher Colon in crossing the Atlantic, 1492. Vasco de Gama in doubling the Cape of Good Hope, November 20, 1497. Ferdinand Magellan in discovering the Pacific Ocean, into which he sailed from the Straits of Magellan, November 28, 1520, and which he named the Pacific Ocean. He sailed across the Pacific, reached the LadronePacific Ocean. He sailed across the Pacific, reached the Ladrones, was killed by mutineers; the vessel anchored at Tidore, November 8, 1521, having been at sea 27 months. Proportions of Ocean steamers. Sebastian de Elcano, Magellan's lieutenant, doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and on September 7, 1522, the San Vittoria anchored at St. Lucar, near Seville, Spain; the first circumnavigation uniform depth of somewhat over 2,000 fathoms; upon this the transatlantic cables have been laid. A similar investigation is now being made of the bed of the North Pacific. The United States steamer Tuscarora, Commander Belknap, has ascertained that the depth of water gradually increases with a gentle slope from a point 115 mile
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