les successfully by the aid of Neilson's hot-blast ovens in 1837.
The experiment at Mauch Chunk was repeated, with the addition of the hot blast, in 1838, 1839, and succeeded in producing about two tons per day. The Pioneer furnace at Pottsville was blown July, 1839.
The first iron-works in America were established near Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619.
In 1622, however, the works were destroyed, and the workmen, with their families, massacred by the Indians.
The next attempt was at Lynn, Massachusetts, on the banks of the Saugus, in 1648.
The ore used was the bog ore, still plentiful in that locality.
At these works Joseph Jenks, a native of Hammersmith, England, in 1652, by order of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, coined silver shillings, sixpences, and threepences, known as the pine-tree coinage, from the device of a pine-tree on one face.
Of the special processes for treating and purifying, a few may be cited:—
Smelting by blast with charcoal, pit-coal, and coke, an
s broadside views of a number of English iron-clads, and is introduced to illustrate the modes of arming and of protecting; the shaded portions indicating the partial protection only, afforded in some instances to the battery and engines, and at about the water-line.
a shows the Warrior and Black Prince class of 6,039 tons.
b, the Achilles, of the same size.
c, the Defence and Resistance, 3,668 tons.
d, the Hector and Valiant, 4,063 tons.
c, the Northumberland, Minotaur, and Agincourt, 6,621 tons.
f, the Prince Consort, Royal oak, Royal Alfred, Ocean triumph, and Caledonia, 4,045 tons.
g, the Royal sovereign, 5-turreted vessel, 3,765 tons.
h, the Prince Albert, 6-turreted vessel, 2,529 tons.
i, a two-shield ship of 1,385 tons.
j, the Enterprise, 990 tons.
k, the Favorite, 2,186 tons.
The lower portion of the figure is a midship section of a British iron-clad ship of 1,385 tons, carrying two of the shields as adapted by Captain Coles of the British s
