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Massachusetts (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
obtaining for it the sanction of colonial legislation. Unlike Massachusetts, Virginia was a continuation of English society. The first colinfluence; yet no collisions ensued. If one assembly had, what Massachusetts never did, submitted to Richard Cromwell—if another had elected where the magistrates were elected by the people! Winthrop of Massachusetts expended all his state for the commonwealth; Berkeley was dissaJournal sheds a clear light on the controversy with Penn. As in Massachusetts, money was coined Chap. XIV.} 1686. at a provincial mint, Brthampton, on Connecticut River; and the General 1667 Court of Massachusetts addressed them a letter:— We never yet did any wrong to you, or684, the governor of Virginia and of New York, and the agent of Massachusetts, met the sachems of the Five Nations at Albany, to strengthen a of New England and Virginia. Colden's Five Nations, 44, &c. Massachusetts Records, 1667 The north and the south were united by the conque
Williamsburg (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
d parliament, where the cause of the people will be heard impartially. Burwell Account, 39—41. Meanwhile, addressing himself to the people of Virginia, he invited all, by their love of country, their love to their wives and children, to gather in a convention, and rescue the colony from the tyranny of Berkeley. The call was answered; none were Aug. 3. willing to sit idle in the time of general calamity. The most eminent men in the colony came together at Middle Plantations, now Williamsburgh; Bacon excelled them all in arguments; the public mind seemed to be swayed by his judgment, and an oath was taken by the whole convention, to join him against the Indians, and, if possible, to prevent a civil war. Should the governor persevere in his obstinate self-will, they promise to protect Bacon against every armed force; and after long and earnest arguments, held before the people in the open air from noon till midnight, it was resolved that, even if troops should arrive from Engl
Bark (Wisconsin, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
rade and plantations, Evelyn, ii. 342. and to Henry, earl of Arlington, the best bred person at the royal court, allied to the monarch as father-in-law to the king's son by Lady Castlemaine, ever in debt exceedingly, and passionately fond of things rich, polite, and prince- 1673 Feb. 25. v, Ibid. 372, 431. the lavish sovereign of England gave away all the dominion of land and water, called Virginia. For Chap. XIV.} the full term of thirty-one years. Hening, ii. 569—583, 427—521. Bark, ii. App. XXXIV., &c The assembly of Virginia, composed as it was, in part at least, of opulent landholders, was excited to alarm by dangers which were menaced by the thoughtless grants of a profligate prince; and Francis Morryson, Thomas Ludwell, and Robert Smith, were appointed agents to sail for England, and enter on the 1674. Sept. 21. difficult duty of recovering for the king that supremacy which he had so foolishly dallied away. We are unwilling, said the assembly, and conceive we ou
United States (United States) (search for this): chapter 4
ocracy which was thus confirmed in its influence by the extent of its domains, by its superior intelligence, and by the character of a large part of the laboring class, naturally aspired to the government of the country; from among them the council was selected; many of them were returned as members of the legislature; and in the organization of the militia, they also held commissions. The entire absence of local municipal governments necessarily led to an extension, unparalleled in the United States, of the power of the magistrates. The justices of the peace for each county fixed the amount of county taxes, assessed and collected them, and superintended their Chap XIV.} disbursement; so that military, judicial, legislative, and executive powers were often deposited in the hands of men, who, as owners of large estates, masters of many indented servants, and lords of slaves, already began to exhibit the first indications of an established aristocracy. Thus, at the period of the
Piedmont, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
her in the New World. Affections expanded in the wilderness, where artificial amusements were unknown. The planter's whole heart was in his family; his pride in the children that bloomed around him, making the solitudes laugh with innocence and gayety. Emigrants arrived from every clime; and the 1666. colonial legislature extended its sympathies to many nations, as well as to many sects. From France came Huguenots; from Germany, from Holland, from Sweden, from Finland, I believe from Piedmont, the children of misfortune sought protection under the tolerant sceptre of the Roman Catholic. Bohemia Chap. XIV.} Itself, Bacon, 1666, c. VII. the country of Jerome and of Huss, sent forth its sons, who at once were made citizens of Maryland with equal franchises. The empire of justice and humanity, according to the light of those days, had been complete but for the sufferings Besse, ii. 381—388. Very exact, McMahon, 227, less full than the Quaker historian. of the people calle
North Carolina (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
e forests favored originality of thought; in spite of legislation, men listened to the voice within themselves as to the highest authority; and Quakers continued to multiply. Virginia, as if resolved to 663. Sept. hasten the colonization of North Carolina, sharpened her laws against all separatists, punished their meetings by heavy fines, and ordered the more affluent to pay the forfeitures of the poor. The colony that should have opened its doors wide to all the persecuted, punished the shipcounty in Virginia, Bacon was once more proclaimed a traitor. Burwell Account, 39. Burk, ii. 61. Beverley, 71. But when did Virginia ever desert her patriot citizens? The news was conveyed to the camp by Drummond, the former governor of North Carolina, and by Richard Lawrence, T. M.'s Account, 15. Burwell Account, 79. a pupil of Oxford, distinguished from the university for learning and sobriety, Chap. XIV.} 1676 a man of deep reflection and of energy of purpose. It vexes me to the
Carmans River (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
tself in Virginia; when the prerogative of the governor was at its height, he was still too feeble to oppress the colony. Virginia was always A land of liberty. Nor let the first tendencies to union pass unnoticed. In the Bay of the Chesapeake, Smith had encountered warriors of the Five Nations; and others had fearlessly roamed to the shores of Massachusetts Bay, and even invaded the soil of Maine. Some years before Philip's war, the Mohawks committed ravages near Northampton, on Connecticut River; and the General 1667 Court of Massachusetts addressed them a letter:— We never yet did any wrong to you, or any of yours,—such was the language of the Puritan diplomatists—neither will we take any from you, but will right our people according to justice. Maryland and Virginia had repeatedly negotiated with the Senecas. In July, 1684, the governor of Virginia and of New York, and the agent of Massachusetts, met the sachems of the Five Nations at Albany, to strengthen and burnish the<
Clarendon, Ark. (Arkansas, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
cracy a powerful ally in the royal government and its officers. The early history of Virginia not only illustrates the humane and ameliorating influences of popular freedom, but also presents a picture of the confusion, discontent, and carnage, which are the natural consequences of selfish legislation and a retrograde movement in the cause of popular liberty. The emigrant royalists had hitherto not acted as a political party, but took advantage of peace to establish their fortunes. Clarendon. Their numbers were constantly Chap. XIV.} 1660. increasing; their character and education procured them respect and influence; yet no collisions ensued. If one assembly had, what Massachusetts never did, submitted to Richard Cromwell—if another had elected Berkeley as governor—the power of the people still preserved its vigor, and controlled legislative action. But on the tidings of the restoration of Charles ii., the fires of loyalty blazed up, perhaps the more vehemently for their lo
Monmouth, Ill. (Illinois, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
our ruin. Sarah Drummond remembered that England was divided into hostile factions for the duke of York and the duke of Monmouth. Taking from the ground a small stick, she broke it in twain, adding, I fear the power of England no more than a broken. The accession of James ii. made but few changes in 1685. the political condition of Virginia. The suppression of Monmouth's rebellion gave to the colony useful citizens. Men connect themselves, in the eyes of posterity, with the objects in which they take delight. James ii. was inexorable towards his brother's favorite. Monmouth was beheaded, and the triumph of legitimacy was commemorated by a medal, representing the heads of Monmouth and Argyle on an altar, their bleeding bodies benMonmouth and Argyle on an altar, their bleeding bodies beneath, with this inscription, Sic aras et scepira tuemur;—thus we defend our altars and our throne. Lord chief justice is making his campaign in the west;—I quote from a letter which James ii., with his own hand, wrote to one in Europe, in allusion t
Mount Vernon (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
had come to treat of peace, they ought to have gone in peace. T. M.'s Account, p. 12. The monopoly of the beaver trade in Virginia Hening, ii. 20, 124, 140. is also said to have prevailed on the avarice of the governor to favor the Indians. T. M.'s Account, p. 11. Passion and avarice, to which the governor was more than a little addicted. Meantime the natives, having escaped from their fort, 1675 to 1676. roamed by stealth from plantation to plantation, from the vicinity of Mount Vernon to the Falls of James River, carrying terror to every grange in the province; murdering, in blind fury, till their passions were glutted; and for each one of their chiefs ten of the English had been slain. Now, according to their wild superstitions, would the souls of their great men repose pleasantly in the shades of death. Proposals of peace were renewed by the Susquehannahs and their confederates. The proposals were rejected. The Indians, subject to Virginia, begin to assert inde
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