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347 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
practising it in the struggle with existing relations. From the time when he opened the school in the Academy (it was only during his second and third journeys to Sicily that one of his more intimate companions--Heracleides Ponticus is named--had to supply his place, Suid. s. v. Heracleid.) we find him occupied solely in giving instruction and in the composition of his works. He is said to have died while writing in the 81st, or according to others the 84th year of his age, in Ol. 108. 1, B. C. 347 (Cic. de Senect. 5; Senec. Epist. lviii. ; Neanthes in D. L. 3.3; D. L. 5.9 ; Athen. 5.217, &c.). According to Hermippus he died at a marriage feast (D. L. 3.3; August. de Civ. Dei, 8.2). Thence probably arose the title of the éloge of Speusippus--*Pla/twnos peri/deipnon. According to his last will his garden remained the property of the school (D. L. 3.43), and passed, considerably increased by later additions, into the hands of the Neo-Platonists, who kept as a festival his birth-day as
360 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
he wish of his Pythagorean friends, and the invitation of Dionysius to reconcile the disputes which had broken out shortly after Plato's departure between him and his stepuncle Dion, brought him back to Syracuse. His efforts were both times unsuccessful, and he owed his own safety to nothing but the earnest intercession of Archytas (Plat. Epist. vii. pp. 339, 345, iii. p. 318; Plut. Dio 100.20; D. L. 3.25). Immediately after his return, Dion, whom he found at the Olympic games (Ol. 105. 1, B. C. 360), prepared for the contest, attacked Syracuse, and, supported by Speusippus and other friends of Plato, though not by Plato himself, drove out the tyrant, but was then himself assassinated; upon which Dionysius again made himself master of the government (Plat. Ep. ; Plut. ll. cc. ; D. L. 3.25). That Plato cherished the hope of realising through the conversion of Dionysius his idea of a state in the rising city of Syracuse, was a belief pretty generally spread in antiquity (Plut. Philos. e
361 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
isciples (Diog. Laert. l.c., comp. Olympiod.). Plato's occupation as an instructor was twice interrupted by journeys undertaken to Sicily ; first when Dion, probably soon after the death of the elder Dionysius (Ol. 103. 1, B. C. 368), determined him to make the attempt to win the younger Dionysius to philosophy (Plat. Epist. vii. p. 327, iii. p. 316c; Plut. Dio 100.11, &100.16, &c., Philosoph. esse cum Princip. 100.4; Corn. Nep. 10.3 ; D. L. 3.21); the second time, a few years later (about B. C. 361), when the wish of his Pythagorean friends, and the invitation of Dionysius to reconcile the disputes which had broken out shortly after Plato's departure between him and his stepuncle Dion, brought him back to Syracuse. His efforts were both times unsuccessful, and he owed his own safety to nothing but the earnest intercession of Archytas (Plat. Epist. vii. pp. 339, 345, iii. p. 318; Plut. Dio 100.20; D. L. 3.25). Immediately after his return, Dion, whom he found at the Olympic games (Ol.
368 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
number is doubtful (Dem. Epist. v.; Cic. de Orat. 1.20, Brut. 32, Orat. 5, de Offic. 1.1, &c.; on the other hand see Niebuhr, Kleine historische Schriften, p. 482; Bake, Biblioth. Crit. Nova, 5.1. 194, &c.). Even women are said to have attached themselves to him as his disciples (Diog. Laert. l.c., comp. Olympiod.). Plato's occupation as an instructor was twice interrupted by journeys undertaken to Sicily ; first when Dion, probably soon after the death of the elder Dionysius (Ol. 103. 1, B. C. 368), determined him to make the attempt to win the younger Dionysius to philosophy (Plat. Epist. vii. p. 327, iii. p. 316c; Plut. Dio 100.11, &100.16, &c., Philosoph. esse cum Princip. 100.4; Corn. Nep. 10.3 ; D. L. 3.21); the second time, a few years later (about B. C. 361), when the wish of his Pythagorean friends, and the invitation of Dionysius to reconcile the disputes which had broken out shortly after Plato's departure between him and his stepuncle Dion, brought him back to Syracuse. H
389 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
24, 326, 327, mentions only the acquaintance with Dion, not that with the elder Dionysius). More doubt attaches to the story, according to which he was given up by the tyrant to the Spartan ambassador Pollis, by him sold into Aegina, and set at liberty by the Cyrenian Anniceris. This story is told in very different forms. On the other hand, we find the statement that Plato came to Sicily when about forty years old, so that he would have returned to Athens at the close of the 97th Olympiad (B. C. 389 or 388), about twelve years after the death of Socrates; and perhaps for that reason Ol. 97. 4, was set down by the chronologers whom Eusebius follows as the period when he flourished. After his return he began to teach, partly in the gymnasium of the Academy and its shady avenues, near the city, between the exterior Cerameicus and the hill Colonus Hippius, partly in his garden, which was situated at Colontis (Timon ap. D. L. 3.7, comp. 5; Plut. de Exilio, 100.10, &c.). Respecting the acqu
424 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
unm (D. L. 3.2, with the note of Menage; Plut. Quaest. Sympos. 8.2, &c.), appear to have communicated only some few biographical particulars respecting their great teacher; and Alexandrian scholars seem to have filled up these accounts from sources which are, to a great extent, untrustworthy. Even Aristoxenus, the disciple of Aristotle, must have proceeded in a very careless manner in his notices respecting Plato, when he made him take part in the battles at Tanagra, B. C. 426, and Delium, B. C. 424. (D. L. 3.8 ; comp. Aelian, Ael. VH 2.30.) Plato is said to have been the son of Ariston and Perictione or Potone, and to have been born at Athens on the 7th day of the month Thargelion (21st May), Ol. 87. 2, B. C. 430; or, according to the statement of Apollodorus, which we find confirmed in various ways, in Ol. 88. 1, B. C. 428, that is, in the (Olympic) year in which Pericles died; according to others, he was born in the neighbouring island of Aegina. (D. L. 3.1, 3 comp. 5.9, 3.2, 3;
426 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
peusippus in his eulogiunm (D. L. 3.2, with the note of Menage; Plut. Quaest. Sympos. 8.2, &c.), appear to have communicated only some few biographical particulars respecting their great teacher; and Alexandrian scholars seem to have filled up these accounts from sources which are, to a great extent, untrustworthy. Even Aristoxenus, the disciple of Aristotle, must have proceeded in a very careless manner in his notices respecting Plato, when he made him take part in the battles at Tanagra, B. C. 426, and Delium, B. C. 424. (D. L. 3.8 ; comp. Aelian, Ael. VH 2.30.) Plato is said to have been the son of Ariston and Perictione or Potone, and to have been born at Athens on the 7th day of the month Thargelion (21st May), Ol. 87. 2, B. C. 430; or, according to the statement of Apollodorus, which we find confirmed in various ways, in Ol. 88. 1, B. C. 428, that is, in the (Olympic) year in which Pericles died; according to others, he was born in the neighbouring island of Aegina. (D. L. 3.1
428 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
tle, must have proceeded in a very careless manner in his notices respecting Plato, when he made him take part in the battles at Tanagra, B. C. 426, and Delium, B. C. 424. (D. L. 3.8 ; comp. Aelian, Ael. VH 2.30.) Plato is said to have been the son of Ariston and Perictione or Potone, and to have been born at Athens on the 7th day of the month Thargelion (21st May), Ol. 87. 2, B. C. 430; or, according to the statement of Apollodorus, which we find confirmed in various ways, in Ol. 88. 1, B. C. 428, that is, in the (Olympic) year in which Pericles died; according to others, he was born in the neighbouring island of Aegina. (D. L. 3.1, 3 comp. 5.9, 3.2, 3; Corsini, Fast. Attici, 3.230; Clinton, Fasti Hell. sub anno 429, &c.) His paternal family boasted of being descended from Codrus; his maternal ancestors of a relationship with Solon (D. L. 3.1.) Plato mentions the relationship of Critias, his maternal uncle, with Solon. (Charm. p. 155, 159. Comp. Tim. 20.) Originally, we are told, h
430 BC (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
these accounts from sources which are, to a great extent, untrustworthy. Even Aristoxenus, the disciple of Aristotle, must have proceeded in a very careless manner in his notices respecting Plato, when he made him take part in the battles at Tanagra, B. C. 426, and Delium, B. C. 424. (D. L. 3.8 ; comp. Aelian, Ael. VH 2.30.) Plato is said to have been the son of Ariston and Perictione or Potone, and to have been born at Athens on the 7th day of the month Thargelion (21st May), Ol. 87. 2, B. C. 430; or, according to the statement of Apollodorus, which we find confirmed in various ways, in Ol. 88. 1, B. C. 428, that is, in the (Olympic) year in which Pericles died; according to others, he was born in the neighbouring island of Aegina. (D. L. 3.1, 3 comp. 5.9, 3.2, 3; Corsini, Fast. Attici, 3.230; Clinton, Fasti Hell. sub anno 429, &c.) His paternal family boasted of being descended from Codrus; his maternal ancestors of a relationship with Solon (D. L. 3.1.) Plato mentions the relatio
1781 AD (search for this): entry plato-bio-2
ledgment, and with various tricks strove to conceal the source from which they were derived. His various readings are taken chiefly, if not entirely, from the second Basle edition, from the Latin version of Ficinus, and from the notes of Cornarius. It is questionble whether he himself collated a single manuscript. The Latin version of Serranus, which is printed in this edition, is very bad. The occasional translations of Stephanus himself are far better. The Bipont edition (11 vols. 8vo. A. D. 1781-1786） contains a reprint of the text of that of Stephanus, with the Latin version of Marsilius Ficinus. Some fresh various readings, collected by Mitscherlich, are added. It was, however, by Immanuel Bekker that the text of Plato was first brought into a satisfactory condition in his edition, published in 1816-18, accompanied by the Latin version of Ficinus (here restored, generally speaking, to its original form, the reprints of it in other previous editions of Plato containing numerous
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