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re at home was not sufficiently successful, he removed to Boston. Two years later he is editor of the first total abstinence paper ever published, the National Philanthropist, and in its columns he also declares his opposition to war. The year 1828 was the turning point of Garrison's life, and his conversion to the cause of the slave was the work of a Quaker who had already devoted thirteen years of his life to that object. Benjamin Lundy had given up a profitable business at a great sacrifconducted at Baltimore, and in which he advocated gradual Abolition and the colonization of freedmen in Hayti. He traveled all over the country on foot in the prosecution of his designs, walking in this way thousands of miles. Visiting Boston in 1828, he happened to board at the house in which Garrison was living, and the latter was much impressed by the spirit of the missionary. Lundy tried to rouse the Boston clergy to an interest in his plans, and to induce them to form an anti-slavery so
ugust, 1830, he issued proposals there for a paper of his own. He also began to lecture on slavery. When he advertised for a free hall in Boston for an anti-slavery address not a church volunteered, although it was the custom of the time to hold all kinds of meetings in churches, but a favorable response was received from an infidel society. It was actually a fact that at that period Garrison was almost the only man in New England whose eyes were entirely open to the sin of slavery. On January Ist,.1831, the first number of the Liberator made its appearance. At the head of its columns was the motto, Our country is the World. Our countrymen are Mankind; and it was further ornamented by a wood-cut representing a slave-auction block and whipping post with the dome of the Capitol at Washington in the background. This initial number struck one note which distinguished it at once from all other antislavery publications. It called for immediate and unconditional emancipation. Until
January, 1831 AD (search for this): chapter 3
Chapter 1: the Liberator In a small chamber, friendless and unseen, Toiled o'er the types one poor, unlearned young man; The place was dark, unfurnitured and mean; Yet there the freedom of a race began. Lowell, To Garrison. Oliver Johnson gives a graphic description of the room under the eaves of Merchants' Hall, Boston, in which Garrison printed the early numbers of his Liberator in January, 1831. The dingy walls, the small windows bespattered with printer's ink, the press standing in one corner, the composing stands opposite, the long editorial and mailing table covered with newspapers, the bed of the editor and publisher on the floor-all these, he tells us, make a picture never to be forgotten. It was a pretty large room, says a later visitor, but there was nothing to relieve its dreariness but two or three very common chairs and a pine desk in the far corner at which a pale, delicate and apparently overtasked gentleman was sitting. . ... He was a quiet, gentle and I m
, he issued proposals there for a paper of his own. He also began to lecture on slavery. When he advertised for a free hall in Boston for an anti-slavery address not a church volunteered, although it was the custom of the time to hold all kinds of meetings in churches, but a favorable response was received from an infidel society. It was actually a fact that at that period Garrison was almost the only man in New England whose eyes were entirely open to the sin of slavery. On January Ist,.1831, the first number of the Liberator made its appearance. At the head of its columns was the motto, Our country is the World. Our countrymen are Mankind; and it was further ornamented by a wood-cut representing a slave-auction block and whipping post with the dome of the Capitol at Washington in the background. This initial number struck one note which distinguished it at once from all other antislavery publications. It called for immediate and unconditional emancipation. Until recently Ga
August, 1830 AD (search for this): chapter 3
far and wide, and also devoted himself to his fellow-prisoners, drawing petitions for pardon for several of them. He was finally released through the liberality of a New York merchant, Arthur Tappan, and he came out of prison undaunted and in buoyant spirits. Meanwhile the Genius had ceased to appear on account of lack of support, and the partnership with Lundy was of necessity dissolved. As Garrison had no longer any reason for remaining in Baltimore, he returned to Boston, and in August, 1830, he issued proposals there for a paper of his own. He also began to lecture on slavery. When he advertised for a free hall in Boston for an anti-slavery address not a church volunteered, although it was the custom of the time to hold all kinds of meetings in churches, but a favorable response was received from an infidel society. It was actually a fact that at that period Garrison was almost the only man in New England whose eyes were entirely open to the sin of slavery. On January I
s right. The picture of this shabby room with the pale young man at the case deserves to hang in the rotunda of the National Capitol, next to those of Columbus landing on the shores of the new world and Washington receiving the sword of Cornwallis. Who was this rash and intemperate fellow, who dared for many years to shock every respectable fiber in the character of New Englander and Northerner as well as of Southerner? William Lloyd Garrison was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1805, the eldest of three children. When he was three years old, his father, who followed the sea and had taken to drink, deserted his wife and family and was never heard of more. They were left utterly destitute, and the mother, a noble woman, supported her babes by going out as a monthly nurse. She also made candy, which Lloyd peddled about town. He was apprenticed to a boot-maker at an early age, and afterwards to a cabinetmaker, but he had neither the strength nor the mechanical skill nec
September (search for this): chapter 3
tement that it was about the most interesting newspaper ever issued in Vermont. Lundy at Baltimore had watched the course of his disciple with pleasure, and in 1829 he came to Bennington, walking much of the way, to persuade him to join him in editing the Genius. Garrison did not hesitate for a moment to follow his friend's example and to give up a promising career for the certain want and hardship of a life consecrated to the liberation of the slave. He proceeded to Baltimore, and in September his name appears with Lundy's in the latter's paper. His experiences at Baltimore accentuated his hatred of slavery. He saw the auction of Negoes continually in progress, for many poor wretches were sold here and shipped to the New Orleans market. With his own ears he heard, while walking in the streets of the city, the distinct application of a whip and the shrieks of anguish of the victim. One slave exhibited to him his back bleeding from thirtyseven terrible gashes inflicted by a c
amphlets and circulars reflecting on slavery, and this plan was followed for many years in flagrant violation of the postal laws. The high-handed conduct of the South produced a double effect in the North. A large portion of the community was in favor of humbly submitting to all the claims made upon them, either from sympathy with slavery or from a craven desire for peace; but there were many who, while by no means approving of Abolition, still cherished some prejudices in favor of the freedom of white men, and were forced by the overbearing insolence of the slave-holders in some degree to sustain Garrison in the right of free speech. The Abolitionists themselves, whose cause had dragged on without result for many years, in spite of the sincerity, ability and vigor of Lundy, for want of a definite programme, at once recognized the fact that their true leader had appeared; and most of them flocked to his banner, although Lundy himself, who died in 1839, never became an immediatist.
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