I.to set right by word or deed, to correct, chastise, punish; to blame, reprove, chide, censure, find fault with (syn.: animadvertere, punire; more forcible than reprehendere and vituperare; weaker than culpare; “class. in prose and poetry): pueros non verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus,” Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64; so, “verberibus,” Plin. 8, 3, 3, § 6; cf. Liv. 26, 27, 8; Curt. 8, 6, 5: “magnā clade,” Liv. 39, 1, 4: “baculo,” Front. Strat. 1, 1, 3: “quo saepius (magister) monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit,” Quint. 2, 2, 5: “laudat Pompeius... segniores castigat atque incitat,” Caes. B. C. 1, 3; “so opp. laudare,” Liv. 27, 8, 18; Tac. Agr. 21: “castigando increpandoque plus quam leniter agendo, proficere,” Liv. 27, 9, 8: “servos exuviis bubulis,” Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 26: “aliquem dictis plurumis,” id. Bacch. 4, 8, 67; Verg. A. 5, 387: “verbis,” Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88; Liv. 36, 20, 4: “litteris,” Caes. B. C. 3, 25: “per litteras,” Tac. A. 3, 35: “leniter,” Liv. 30, 15, 10; 36, 31, 8: “vehementissime,” Petr. 109, 1: “in hoc me ipse castigo quod, etc.,” Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 4: “segnitiem hominum atque inertiam,” id. de Or. 1, 41, 184; Liv. 31, 6, 5: “nimiam lenitatem,” id. 39, 55, 1: “moras,” Verg. A. 4, 407: “dolos,” id. ib. 6, 567: “vitia,” Juv. 2, 35; Vulg. Psa. 117, 18; id. Heb. 12, 6 al.—
II. Esp.
A. To correct some error, to set right, mend (poet. or in post-Aug. prose) ( = corrigere, emendare): carmen, *Hor. A. P. 294: “amicae verba,” Juv. 6, 455: “examen improbum in trutină,” Pers. 1, 6: “vitia sua,” Plin. Pan. 46, 6.—
B. To hold in check, to restrain; lit. and trop. (rare for the more usu. coërcere, cohibere, etc.): “quid illum credis facturum, nisi eum ... servas, castigas, mones?” Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 31: “equum tenacem, non parentem frenis asperioribus castigare,” Liv. 39, 25, 13; Tac. A. 6, 13: “castigatus animi dolor,” Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50: “risum crebris potiunculis,” Petr. 47, 7: “lapsus,” Stat. Th. 6, 700; cf. under P. a.—Hence,
b. Of relations of space, to enclose, surround, encompass, confine, shut in: “insula castigatur aquis,” Sil. 12, 355.— Hence, castīgātus , a, um, P. a. (poet. or in post-Aug. prose), confined, compressed; hence,
1. As a designation of physical beauty, small, slender, close: “pectus,” Ov. Am. 1, 5, 21: “frons,” Stat. S. 2, 1, 43.—
2. Trop., restrained, checked: “luxuria tanto castigatior, quanto posset esse liberior, Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 24: castigatissima disciplina,” the strictest, Gell. 4, 20, 1 Hertz (Cod. Reg. castissima).—Adv.: castīgātē .
a. (Acc. to castigatus, 1.) Compressedly, briefly: “castigatius,” Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6: “castigatius eloqui,” Aug. Doctr. Christ. 4, 14.—
