I.gen. plur. civitatium, Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51; id. Leg. 2, 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 4, 3; 5, 22; Sall. C. 40, 2; Liv. 1, 17, 4; 2, 6, 5; 33, 20, 11 Drak.; 42, 30, 6; 42, 44, 1; 45, 34, 1; Vell. 2, 42, 2; Quint. 2, 16, 4 N. cr.; Suet. Tit. 8 Oud.; Cornut. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 66; Prisc. p. 771 P.; Neue, Formenl. 1, 268), f. civis.
I. Abstr., the condition or privileges of a (Roman) citizen, citizenship, freedom of the city (upon its conditions, v. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 2, § 123 sq.; “Dict. of Antiq. p. 260 sqq.): Cato, cum esset Tusculi natus, in populi romani civitatem susceptus est: ita, cum ortu Tusculanus esset, civitate Romanus, etc.,” Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5: “donare aliquem civitate,” id. Balb. 13, 20; Suet. Caes. 24; 42; 76; id. Aug. 47; id. Tib. 51; id. Ner. 24: “dare civitatem alicui,” Cic. Arch. 4, 7; 5, 10; Liv. 1, 28, 7; 8, 14, 8; Suet. Aug. 40; id. Galb. 14: accipere aliquem in civitatem, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35: “adsciscere in civitatem,” Liv. 6, 40, 4: “ascribere aliquem in civitatem,” Cic. Arch. 4, 6: “aliquem foederatis civitatibus ascribere,” id. ib. 4, 7: “in aliis civitatibus ascriptus,” id. ib. 5, 10: “assequi,” Tac. A. 11, 23: “consequi,” Cic. Balb. 13, 31: “deponere,” id. Caecin. 34, 100: “decedere de civitate,” id. Balb. 5, 11: “dicare se civitati,” id. ib. 11, 28: “in civitatem,” id. ib. 12, 30: “eripere,” id. Caecin. 34, 99: “habere,” id. Balb. 13, 31: “impertiri civitatem,” id. Arch. 5, 10: “furari civitatem,” id. Balb. 2, 5: “petere,” Suet. Caes. 8: “Romanam assequi,” Tac. A. 11, 23: “adipisci,” Suet. Aug. 40: “Romanam usurpare,” id. Calig. 38; id. Claud. 25: “amittere civitatem,” Cic. Caecin. 34, 98: “adimere,” id. ib.; Suet. Caes. 28: “petere,” id. ib. 8: “negare,” id. Aug. 40: “jus civitatis,” Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; id. Arch. 5, 11: “recipere aliquem in civitatem,” id. Caecin. 34, 100; id. Arch. 10,22; id. Balb. 13, 31: “relinquere,” id. Caecin. 34, 100: “retinere civitatem,” id. Balb. 12, 30: “retinere aliquem in civitate,” id. Lig. 11, 33: “ademptio civitatis,” id. Dom. 30, 78: “commemoratio,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 162: “nomen,” id. ib.: “ereptor,” id. Dom. 30, 81.—
B. Trop.: “ut oratio Romana plane videatur, non civitate donata,” Quint. 8, 1, 3; cf.: “civitate Romanā donare agricolationem,” Col. 1, 1, 12: “verbum hoc a te civitate donatum,” naturalized, Gell. 19, 3, 3; Sen. Ep. 120, 4; id. Q. N. 5, 16, 4.—More freq.,
II. Concr., the citizens united in a community, the body - politic, the state, and as this consists of one city and its territory, or of several cities, it differs from urbs, i.e. the compass of the dwellings of the collected citizens; “but sometimes meton., = urbs, v. B.: concilia coetusque hominum jure sociati, quae civitates appellantur,” Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13: “tum conventicula hominum, quae postea civitates nominatae sunt, tum domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus, etc.,” id. Sest. 42, 91; cf.: omnis populus, qui est talis coetus multitudinis, qualem exposui; omnis civitas, quae est constitutio populi; “omnis res publica, quae populi res est, etc.,” id. Rep. 1, 26, 41: “quia sapiens non sum, nec haec urbs nec in eā civitas ... non dubitavisset, quin et Roma urbs (esset), et eam civitas incoleret,” id. Ac. 2, 45, 137: “aucta civitate magnitudine urbis,” Liv. 1, 45, 1: “Orgetorix civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,” Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Oud.; so id. ib. 1, 4; 1, 19; 1, 31; cf. Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 429, 15: “civitates aut nationes devictae,” Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Sall. C. 31, 1; Liv. 21, 1, 2: “io triumphe non semel dicemus civitas omnis,” Hor. C. 4, 2, 51; cf. id. Epod. 16, 36 and 18: “cum civitas in foro exspectatione erecta staret,” Liv. 3, 47, 1; so id. 2, 37, 5; 26, 18, 6; 34, 41, 1; Tac. A. 3, 11; Suet. Calig. 6; id. Tib. 17; 42: “civitates aut condere novas aut conservare jam conditas,” Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; id. Sull. 9, 28; id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 3, 5: “omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est,” Caes. B. G. 1, 12: “quae pars civitatis Helvetiae, etc.,” id. ib.: “non longe a Tolosatium finibus, quae civitas est in provinciā,” id. ib. 1, 10: “Ubii, quorum fuit civitas ampla atque florens,” id. ib. 4, 3: “Rhodiorum civitas, magna atque magnifica,” Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 69, 3: “Heraclea quae est civitas aequissimo jure ac foedere,” Cic. Arch. 4, 6 et saep.: “administrare civitatem,” id. Off. 1, 25, 88: “mutari civitatum status,” id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; so, “civitatis status,” Quint. 6, 1, 16; 11, 1, 85: “(legibus) solutis stare ipsa (civitas) non possit,” id. 11, 1, 85: “lege civitatis,” id. 12, 10, 26; cf. id. 5, 10, 25: “mos civitatis,” id. 10, 1, 107; 12, 3, 7; 1, 2, 2.—Of Plato's ideal republic: “si in illā commenticiā Platonis civitate res ageretur,” Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230.—
2. Trop.: “civitas caelitum,” Plaut. Rud. prol. 2: “ut jam universus hic mundus una civitas sit communis deorum atque hominum existimanda,” Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23.—
B. Meton., = urbs, a city (rare and mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.): civitatem incendere, Enn. ap. Non. p. 429, 5 (Trag. 382 Vahl.): “cum errarem per totam civitatem,” Petr. 8, 2; cf. id. 8, 141 fin.: “Lingonum,” Tac. H. 1, 54; 1, 64: “ab excidio civitatis,” id. ib. 1, 63; “1, 69: circumjectae civitates,” id. ib. 3, 43: “muri civitatis,” id. ib. 4, 65; id. A. 6, 42: “pererrata nocturnis conversationibus,” Sen. Ben. 6, 32, 1: “expugnare civitatem,” Quint. 8, 3, 67; cf.: “expugnandae civitates,” id. 12, 9, 2: “plurimas per totum orbem civitates, terrae motu aut incendio afflictas restituit in melius,” Suet. Vesp. 17; cf. id. Tit. 8; id. Tib. 84 fin.; Lact. 2, 7, 19.—
