I.the lowest part of a thing, the bottom, ground, base, foundation.
I. Lit., the floor or pavement of a room; the bottom of a ditch or trench; the foundation of a building or the ground, site, on which it stands, etc.; ground, earth, land, soil; the sole of the foot or of a shoe, etc.: “aurata tecta in villis et sola marmorea,” Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49: “(templi) Marmoreum solum,” Ov. M. 15, 672; Tib. 3, 3, 16: “ut ejus (fossae) solum tantundem pateret, quantum summa labra distabant,” Caes. B. G. 7, 72: “imum stagni,” Ov. M. 4, 298: “maris,” Sen. Agam. 475.—Of a river-bed: “puro solo excipitur,” Curt. 3, 4, 8; 5, 3, 2; cf.: “ubi mollius solum reperit, stagnat insulasque molitur,” id. 8, 9, 7: “trabes in solo collocantur,” Caes. B. C. 7, 23: “super pilas lapide quadrato solum stratum est,” Curt. 5, 1, 33: “tecta (porticus) solo jungens,” Lucr. 4, 430: “solo aequata omnia,” Liv. 24, 47 fin.: “clivus Publicius ad solum exustus est,” id. 30, 26, 5: “urbem ad solum diruere,” Curt. 3, 10, 7; Eutr. 4, 17: “solo exaequare,” Flor. 1, 13, 4: “solo aequare,” Vell. 2, 4, 2: “aedificia cuncta solo cohaerentia,” Amm. 22, 11, 6: “ISIDI TEMPLVM A SOLO POSVIT,” Inscr. Orell. 457; cf. ib. 467; Inscr. Fabr. 10, 47: domo pignori data et area ejus tenebitur: est enim pars ejus; “et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,” Dig. 13, 7, 21: “solum proscindere terrae,” Lucr. 5, 1295; so, “terrae,” id. 1, 212; 5, 211; 5, 1289.—Plur.: recente terrae sola sanguine maculans, Cat. 63, 7: “sola dura,” id. 63, 40; Verg. G. 1, 80; Tib. 1, 5, 3; Stat. S. 1, 1, 56; id. Th. 4, 445: “sibi praeter agri solum nihil esse reliqui,” Caes. B. G. 1, 11: “solum exile et macrum,” Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 67: “incultum et derelictum,” id. Brut. 4, 16: “densum, siccum, macrum, etc.,” Col. 2, 2, 5 sq.: “duratae solo nives,” Hor. C. 3, 24, 39: “putre,” Verg. G. 2, 204: “cruentum,” Ov. M. 4, 134: “foecundum,” id. ib. 7, 417: “pulvereum,” id. ib. 7, 113: “triste,” id. ib. 8, 789: “vivax,” id. ib. 1, 420: “pingue,” Verg. G. 1, 64: “praepingue,” id. A. 3, 698: “mite,” Hor. C. 1, 18, 2: “exiguum,” Tib. 1, 1, 22: “cultum,” id. 1, 1, 2: “nudum,” Curt. 3, 4, 3; 7, 5, 17: “viride,” Verg. A. 6, 192: “presso exercere solum sub vomere,” id. G. 2, 356: “solo inmobilis haeret,” id. A. 7, 250: “ingreditur solo,” id. ib. 4, 177: “solo recubans,” id. ib. 3, 392: “reptans solo,” Stat. S. 5, 5, 83.—Plur.: “saturare fimo pingui sola,” Verg. G. 1, 80: “ardent sola terrae,” Lucr. 2, 592; Cat. 61, 7; 61, 40; Tib. 1, 5, 3; Stat. S. 1, 1, 56; id. Th. 4, 445; cf. Cic. Balb. 5, 13, B. 1. infra: solum hominis exitium herbae, the sole of the foot, Varr. R. R. 1, 47 fin.: “mihi calciamentum solorum (est) callum,” Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90: “loca nullius ante Trita solo,” Lucr. 1, 927; 4, 2: “(canes) unguibus duris, solo nec ut corneo nec nimium duro,” Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4: qui auro soccis habeat suppactum solum, the sole of a shoe, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; “of a dog: solum corneum,” Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4: “cereale solum pomis agrestibus augent,” their wheaten board, Verg. A. 7, 111: “vastis tremit ictibus aerea puppis, Subtrahiturque solum,” i. e. the sea under the vessel, id. ib. 5, 199: “omne ponti,” Val. Fl. 4, 712: “astra tenent caeleste solum,” i. e. the vault of heaven, Ov. M. 1, 73: manibusque cruentis Pulsat inane solum, i. e. the sockets of the eyes, Stat. Th. 1, 55.— Prov.: quodcumque or quod in solum venit, whatever falls to the ground, i. e. whatever comes uppermost or occurs to the mind, = quod in buccam venit, Varr. ap. Non. 500, 11; Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 65; Afran. ap. Non. 124, 18 sq. (Com. Fragm. v. 41 Rib.).—Also ellipt. (cf. bucca): “convivio delector: ibi loquor, quod in solum ut dicitur,” Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2.—
B. Transf., in gen.
1. Soil, i. e. land, country, region, place (cf.: terra, tellus, humus): sola terrarum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 443 Vahl.): “solum, in quo tu ortus et procreatus,” Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4; cf. “patriae,” id. Cat. 4, 7, 16; Liv. 5, 49: “pro solo, in quo nati essent,” id. 5, 30, 1: “patrium,” id. 21, 53: “natale,” i. e. native country, natal soil, Ov. M. 7, 52; 8, 184; id. P. 1, 3, 35; Sen. Med. 334; cf.: “in gremio regni solique genitalis,” Amm. 17, 12, 21: “Miletus, genitale solum,” Vell. 2, 7, 5 (7); Vop. Aur. 3, 2.—Plur.: “vos, mutae regiones, imploro, et sola terrarum ultimarum, etc.,” Cic. Balb. 5, 13: “sola Romana,” Capitol. Max. 13: “vile solum Sparte est,” Ov. M. 15, 428: “Romani numen utrumque soli,” id. F. 3, 292: “maxima Fundani gloria soli,” id. P. 2, 11, 28.— Hence, solum vertere, to leave one's country (generally said of going into exile): “qui volunt poenam aliquam subterfugere, eo solum vertunt, hoc est, sedem ac locum mutant,” Cic. Caecin. 34, 100; cf.: “neque exsilii causā solum vertisse diceretur,” id. Quint. 28, 26; id. Phil. 5, 5, 14; Liv. 3, 13; 43, 2 al.; so, “solum civitatis mutatione vertere,” Cic. Balb. 11, 28.—Rarely, in this sense: “solum mutare: exsules sunt, etiam si solum non mutarint,” Cic. Par. 4, 2, 31; cf.: “quo vertendi, hoc est mutandi, soli causā venerant,” id. Dom. 30, 78.—
2. In jurid. lang.: res soli, land, and all that stands upon it, real estate (opp. res mobiles, personal or movable property): “omnes res, sive mobiles sint, sive soli,” Dig. 13, 3, 1; so, “res soli,” ib. 43, 16, 1, § 32: “tertia pars de agris, terris, arbustis, satis quaerit, et, ut jurisconsultorum verbo utar, de omnibus quae solo continentur,” Sen. Q. N. 2, 1, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 19, 4: “ut feneratores duas patrimonii partes in solo collocarent,” lay out in land, Suet. Tib. 48: “in solo proprio,” Vop. Flor. 2.—
II. Trop., a base, basis, foundation (very rare): auspicio regni stabilita scamna solumque, i. e. throne, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48 fin. (Ann. v. 99 Vahl.); cf.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.): “solum quidem et quasi fundamentum oratoris vides locutionem emendatam et Latinam,” Cic. Brut. 74, 258: solum quoddam atque fundamentum, id. de Or. 3, 37, 151: solo aequandae sunt dictaturae consulatusque, to be levelled with the ground, i. e. to be utterly abolished, Liv. 6, 18, 14; so, “ad solum dirutum,” Vulg. Nah. 2, 6.
