Theodōrus
（
Θεόδωρος).
1.
Of Byzantium, a rhetorician, and a contemporary of Plato.
2.
A philosopher of the Cyrenaic School, usually designated by ancient writers “the
Atheist.” He resided for some time at Athens; and being banished thence, went to
Alexandria, where he entered the service of Ptolemy, son of Lagus.
3.
An eminent rhetorician of the age of Augustus, was a native of Gadara. He settled at
Rhodes, where Tiberius, afterwards emperor, during his retirement (B.C. 6- A.D. 2) to that
island, was one of his hearers (Sueton.
Tib. 57). He also taught at Rome. Theodorus was the founder of a
school of rhetoricians called “Theodorei.”
4.
Of Samos, son of Rhoecus. In conjunction with his father, he erected the labyrinth of
Lemnos (Pliny ,
Pliny H. N. xxxvi. 90), and
advised the laying down of a layer of charcoal as part of the foundation of the Temple of
Artemis at Ephesus (
Diog. Laert. ii. 103). He is said to have
lived for a long time in Egypt, where he and his brother Telecles learned the Egyptian canon
of proportion for the human figure. He was considered by the Greeks as one of the inventors
of the art of casting in bronze (Pausan. viii. 14, 8). He wrote a work on the Temple of
Heré at Samos, which was begun by his father (Vitruv. vii. pref. 12).
5.
Son of Telecles, and nephew of the preceding. He flourished in the time of Croesus and
Polycrates, whose ring he made (
Herod.i. 51; iii. 41).
