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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
s. Submarine armor has not as clear claims to antiquity as the diving-bell, if we accept the accounts of Aristotle and Jerome. The earliest distinct account of the diving-bell in Europe is probably that of John Taisnier, quoted in Schott's Technica Curiosa, Nuremberg, 1664, and giving a history of the descent of two Greeks in a diving-bell, in a very large kettle, suspended by rope, mouth downward ; which was in 1538, at Toledo, in Spain, and in the presence of the Emperor Charles V. Beckman cites a print in editions of Vegetius on War, dated in 1511 and 1532, in which the diver is represented in a cap, from which rises a long leather pipe, terminating in an opening which floats above the surface of the water. Dr. Halley, about 1717, made a number of improvements in the diving-bell, and among them a leather cap for the head of the diver, with windows in front for the eyes. This helmet was used by the diver when he left the bell, from which he received a supply of air throug
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
suring the goods till they were shrunk to the desired width, and then calling the young men to a dead halt. Then while the lads put on their hose and shoes, the lasses stript their arms above the elbows, rinsed and wrung out the blanket and flannels, and hung them on the garden fence to dry. Full′ing-ma-chine′. A machine in which the operation of fulling cloth is performed. See fulling. Full′ing-mill. A common name for the fullingmachine. See fulling. Ful′mi-nate. Beckman states that fulminate of gold was discovered by a monk in the fifteenth century. This substance, which explodes more rapidly and with greater local force than gunpowder, is made by precipitating a solution of chloride of gold by an excess of ammonia. Mr. Forsyth discovered that by treating mercury as the old monk had treated gold, an equally powerful but far less expensive fulminate might be made. This be mixed with six times its weight of niter, and the result is the percussion-powder
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
Attalus; but it was practiced in Egypt and in Oriental countries before the era of that monarch. Gold wire is found attached to rings bearing the date of Osirtasen 1., 1740-1696 B. c. In ancient times, and, indeed, during the Middle Ages, gold and silver were almost, if not the only, metals which were formed into wire. In the reign of Elizabeth, iron and brass wire were both manufactured and imported into England. Copper wire was first made in England in the seventeenth century. Beckman states that as long as the work of wire-making was performed by the hammer, the artists of Nuremberg were called wire-smiths; but after the invention of drawing wire, they were called wire-drawers or wire-millers. Both these appellations occur in the history of Augsburg as early as the year 1351, and in that of Nuremberg in 1360; so that according to the best information I have been able to obtain, I must class the invention of the drawing-iron, or proper wire-drawing, among those of the fo