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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
ater. In the course of the aqueduct a tunnel, nearly a mile in length, was pierced through a hill, and a channel three feet wide made to convey the water. The first of the Roman aqueducts (Aqua Appia) was built, according to Diodorus, by Appius Claudius, in the year of the city 441, or 312 B. C. The water which it supplied was collected from the neighborhood of Frascati, eleven miles from Rome, and its summit was about one hundred feet above the level of the city. The second (Anio Vetus) The seventh (Aqua Alsietina, called also Augusta, from the use to which Augustus intended to apply it for supplying his Naumachia) was brought from the lake whose name it bears. The eighth (Aqua Claudia), begun by Caligula and completed by Claudius, is about forty miles in length. It enters the city at the Porta Nevia, near the Esquiline Mount. The quality of the water which this aqueduct supplies is better than that of any of the others. It was built of hewn stone and supported on arca
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
city of the builders of the city walls, palaces, and the bridge across the Euphrates, to pave the city in good style. Isodorus says that the Carthaginians had the first paved streets, and that their example was soon copied by the Romans. Appius Claudius, the censor, constructed (312 B. C.) the road named after him, the Appian Way, which was, on account of its excellence, called the queen of roads. This was about ten years after the death of Alexander the Great. The time, however, when the bronze tablets were found in a subterraneous cabinet at Gubbio, Italy, in 1444. Seven of them bore inscriptions in Latin and one in Etruscan. The civil, criminal, and ceremonial laws of the Greeks were engraved on bronze tables. The speech of Claudius, on the same alloy, is preserved in the town hall of Lyons, France. The pacts between the Romans, Spartans, and Jews were written on brass. In many cabinets in Europe are discharges of Roman soldiers written on copper plates. The laws of th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ook III. chap 60. Strabo mentions a tunnel at Cumae connecting that town with Avernus, made by Cocceius during the Augustan age. A more ancient and longer one had been made long previously between Dicaearchia (Puteoli) and Neapolis (Napies). It is yet open, and is known as the Grotta di Pausilipo. It is referred to by Seneca. The lakes Trasimene, Albano, Nemi, and Fucino in Italy were all drained by tunnels (emissaria); the last mentioned was devised by Julius Caesar and executed by Claudius A D. 52. It is still nearly perfect. The circumference of the lake drained was 30 miles. The length of this tunnel is about 3 miles, discharging into the river Liris (Garigliano). 30,000 men were employed; time occupied, 11 years. A large number of shafts were sunk to allow a greater number of men to work and to facilitate the removal of detritus. It is from 20 to 30 feet high and 28 to 30 feet wide. That which drained the waters of Lake Albano was cut through lava, about 6 feet high