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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
avy suggested the use of protoxide of nitrogen as an anaesthetic agent in surgical operations. It was used by Dr. Wells of Hartford, Conn., in 1844, in dental operations. It has now attained great favor. Chloroform is a terchloride of formyle (the hypothetical radical of formic acid). Its discovery is claimed by Soubeiran, Guthrie, and Liebig, whose claims have about an even date, 1831. The verdict seems to have settled in favor of the former. Its first use as an anaesthetic was by Dr. Simpson of Edinburgh, 1847. Hydrate of chloral has recently become quite unpleasantly prominent in the list of anodynes, sedatives, and hypnotics. Ether was known to the earliest chemists. The discovery of its use as an anaesthetic was made by Dr. Jackson or Dr. Morton of Boston, in 1846. A contest ensued between the parties to prove priority, and was much debated in the scientific journals of the day. In an application to Congress for a remunerative appropriation of $100,000, the rep- r
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
rels moving with relation to the stock or breech. 1. Sliding Longitudinally Forward. No.Name.Date. 8,690C. V. NickersonJan. 27, 1852. 14,253Robertson and SimpsonFeb. 12, 1856. 16,288Schroeder, Salewski, and SchmidtDec. 23, 1856. 17,644G. SmithJune 23, 1857. 17,915T. BuckmanAug. 4, 1857. 23,505T. E. ShullApr. 5, 1859. erJune 19, 1866. 58,064W. J. ChristySept. 18, 1866. 73,494Boyd and TylerJan. 21, 1868. 88,540Boyd and TylerApr. 6, 1869. 103,694F. WessonMay 31, 1870. 106,083Simpson, Gray, and RomansAug. 2, 1870. 112,803Gray and RomansMar. 21, 1871. class B. — breech-block moving with relation to barrel. 1. Sliding Longitudinally Bac 50,507J. StillmanOct. 17, 1865. 51,739W. H. and G. W. MillerDec. 26, 1865. 51,991H. BerdanJan. 9, 1866. *52,547W. C. DodgeFeb. 13, 1866. 53,187Robertson and SimpsonMar. 13, 1866. 53,543J. RiderMar. 27, 1866. *54,068J. GrayApr. 17, 1866. 2. (c.) Hinged beneath Barrel, etc.—Continued. No.Name.Date. 54,100C. E. Bil
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
r in water, carrying with him a supply of vital air. See diving. Inhalers. Dr. Priestley's letter, speaking of Gaseous oxyd of Septon (dephlogisticated nitrous air), was addressed to one of the editors of the New York Medical repository, and was republished in the London Monthly magazine, June 1, 1800. Chloroform was discovered by Guthrie, Souberain, or Liebig, about 1831, but its valuable properties as an anaesthetic were not appreciated until 1847. Dr. Morton of Boston, and Professor Simpson of Edinborough, discovered its applicability to this purpose almost simultaneously in 1847. See ANAeSTHETIC apparatus. Morton's inhalation apparatus, November 13, 1847, has a chamber to hold the sponge, and two lateral openings through which respectively enter the atmospheric air and pass out the air impregnated with the vapor of the anaethetic agent. These openings are valved to prevent reflux of air, and a chamber above contains a reserve of liquid, which is admitted to the spo
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
e used in the operations of vesico-vaginal fistula, cleft palate, etc., and is made to serve as a handle to the instruments accompanying it, and which are manufactured one half their full length. When the handle is applied to either one it gives it its full length. g combines the applicator with the sponge-tent expeller. h is a sponge-holder and ligating forceps. i, a lead sound, which easily follows the curve of the uterus. j, intra-uterine scarifying knife, blunt point. k, Simpson's sound. l, uterine probe of silver. Nee′dle-guard. （Sewing-machine.) A sliding piece which moves with the needle and keeps it in line during rapid movement, so that it shall not strike wide of the hole in the cloth-plate. Needle-guard. That in the example is a supporting brace or bar D, which slides vertically. In this instance, as the feed is effected by the needle, the bar has a lateral movement coincident with that of the needle. Nee′dle-gun. （German, Zundnade
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
thods, by which both negatives and positives can be made, the collodio-bromide process by B. J. Sayce, September, 1864, and the collodio-chloride process by G Wharton Simpson, about the same time, deserve mention. Sayce's was a negative process on glass: Simpson's, a positive process. Each produces an emulsion of the sensitive saSimpson's, a positive process. Each produces an emulsion of the sensitive salts of silver in collodion, an excess of nitrate of silver being also present. A surface flooded with collodion so constituted is sensitive without a bath, and may be either exposed in the camera or printed upon with a negative. The fundamental distinction is indicated by the respective names, one using the chloride and the other the bromide of silver. Simpson's process is much used in the production of the socalled porcelain pictures. Notwithstanding the exquisite beauty of ordinary photographs on paper, they are subject to a reproach which takes immensely from their value as works of art, for they contain within themselves the elements of destructi