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1st (search for this): chapter 9
arles Yorke the ways of thinking of Lord Mansfield would equally prevail in Westminster Hall, he cared not to hear the name of Yorke sound the highest among the long robe, and he dismissed from his mind the vain dream that any solid union on revolution principles was possible under the various entanglements. Grenville Papers, II. 149, 218, 239. Chatham Correspondence, II. 261. So when parliament assembled, Yorke was with the court in principle, and yet a leader of the opposition. On the first night of the session there were two divisions relating to Wilkes, and on both the ministers had a majority of nearly three to one. In the debate on the king's speech and the address, Pitt spoke with great ability; Barrington to Mitchell, quoted in Chat. Corr. II. 262. Grenville, in answer- chap. IX.} 1763. Nov. ing him, went through all the business of the summer, and laid before the house his plans of economy; contrasting them with the profusion which had marked the conduct of the
6th (search for this): chapter 9
officiously proposed, in the House of Commons, to lay a tax on the colonies which will amount to £ 500,000 per annum, sterling; which he says they are well able to pay; and he was heard by the house with great joy and attention. Those who report Huske's speech do not specify the day on which it was pronounced. It seems to me it must have been spoken either on the vote of supply for maintaining the forces and garrisons in the plantations, in committee on the 5th Dec., in the house, on the 6th; or on the vote of the land tax, in committee on the 7th, in the house on the 8th of Dec. These are the only occasions on which, as it would appear, the speech would not have been out of orde: Journal of the House of Commons, XXIX. 695, 698. Annual Register, for 1764. Appendix to Chronicle, 157, 163. A reduction of a shilling in the pound on the land tax would have been a reduction of £ 508, 732. to renew his proposal, boasting that taxes might be laid on the colonies to yield £ 500,000, w
7th (search for this): chapter 9
tax on the colonies which will amount to £ 500,000 per annum, sterling; which he says they are well able to pay; and he was heard by the house with great joy and attention. Those who report Huske's speech do not specify the day on which it was pronounced. It seems to me it must have been spoken either on the vote of supply for maintaining the forces and garrisons in the plantations, in committee on the 5th Dec., in the house, on the 6th; or on the vote of the land tax, in committee on the 7th, in the house on the 8th of Dec. These are the only occasions on which, as it would appear, the speech would not have been out of orde: Journal of the House of Commons, XXIX. 695, 698. Annual Register, for 1764. Appendix to Chronicle, 157, 163. A reduction of a shilling in the pound on the land tax would have been a reduction of £ 508, 732. to renew his proposal, boasting that taxes might be laid on the colonies to yield £ 500,000, which would secure the promised relief to the country gent
January (search for this): chapter 9
pening for duty, he knew not how, by silent communion with nature. The movement in Virginia was directed against 1764, Jan. the prerogative. Vague rumors prevailed of new commercial and fiscal regulations, to be made by act of parliament; Letubvert their liberty. No remonstrance was prepared against the impending measures, of which the extent chap. IX.} 1764. Jan. was kept secret. Massachusetts, in January, 1764, with a view to effect the greatest possible reduction of the duty on fouption. His policy looked mainly to the improvement of the finances, and the alleviation of the burdens chap IX.} 1764. Jan. which pressed upon the country gentlemen of England. When Halifax urged the payment of the salaries of the crown officersbove the civil. When, therefore, he came to propose taxes on America, he was at variance with his col- chap. IX.} 1764. Jan. leagues, whose rashness he moderated, and whose plan of government he opposed, and with the whole body of colonial office
February (search for this): chapter 9
ing the writings of Wilkes; and even the extreme measure of his expulsion from his seat in parliament, was carried with only one dissentient vote. Grenville Papers, II. 258. The opposition, with great address, proceeded to an abstract question Feb. on the legality of general warrants. They were undoubtedly illegal. Grenville himself was sure of it. He sought, therefore, to change the issue and evade the question by delay; and insisted that a single branch of the legislature ought not to dettention than that of so many drunken porters; but Grenville defended his well-chosen position with exceeding ability, and was said to have outdone himself. Grenville Papers, II. 493. In a house of four hundred and fifty he es- chap IX.} 1764 Feb. caped, but only by a majority of fourteen. The king felt the vote of the opposition as a personal offence. My nature, said he, firmly, ever inclines me to be acquainted with who are my true, and who false friends; the latter I think worse than o
February 29th (search for this): chapter 9
in America, accused the colonies of reluctance to furnish the men and money which the commanderin-chief had required. Calvert to Lieutenant-Governor Sharpe, February 29 to April 3. The free exercise of deli berative powers by the colonial assemblies, seemed to show a tendency for self-direction and legislative independence, whi all trade between America and St. Pierre and Miquelon. The only opposition came from Huske, Secretary Caecilius Calvert to Lieut.-Governor Sharpe. London, Feb. 29 to April 1, 1764. who observed, that the colonies ought first to have notice and an opportunity of laying before the House, by their agents, any objections they mview of the agents with Grenville. the delay granted was only for form's sake, Cecilius Calvert, Secretary of Maryland, to the Lieutenant-Governor of Maryland, Feb. 29 to April 8, 1764: The resolution on stamp duties left out, to apprise the colonies, if any they have, they make objections, only given, I am told, pro forma tantu
March (search for this): chapter 9
ons which thwarted his ambition. Besides; as a thorough whig, he regarded the parliament of England as chap. IX.} 1764. Mar. in all cases supreme; he knew no other law, no other rule. George Grenville, in Cavendish i. 496. The later reportshusetts Bay. London, 11 Feb. 1764. The Secretary of Maryland had for years watched the ripening of the chap. IX.} 1764. Mar. measure, and could not conceal his joy at its adoption. Calvert to Sharpe, in many leters. Thomas Pownall, the fribble,nions Opinion of Sir Robert Walpole in the Annual Register. of Sir Robert Walpole, and questioned the chap. IX.} 1764. Mar. wisdom of deriving a direct parliamentary revenue from America. Many members of the House of Commons declared against thet it might be postponed till some sort of consent to it should be given by the Assemblies, to prevent a chap. IX.} 1764. Mar. tax of that nature from being laid without the consent of the colonies. With regard to money bills, I believe the parliam
March 7th (search for this): chapter 9
uthward of those colonies; that is, to the foreign West India islands; 4 Geo. III. c. XXVII. Regulations, &c. 52, 53. so that the broken and mowburnt rice might be sold as food for negroes, and good rice made cheaper for the British market. The boon that was to mollify New England was concerted with Israel Mauduit, acting for his brother; the agent of Massachusetts, and was nothing less than the whale fishery. Jasper Mauduit, the Agent of Massachusetts. Report of Privy Council, 7 March. Order in Council, 9 March, 1764. Great Britain had sought to com- chap. IX.} 1764. April. pete with the Dutch in that branch of industry; had, fostered it by bounties; had relaxed the act of navigation, so as to invite even the Dutch to engage in it from British ports in British shipping. But it was all in vain. Grenville gave up the unsuccessful attempt, and sought a rival for Holland in British America, which had hitherto lain under the double discouragement, of being excluded from
March 9th (search for this): chapter 9
nd 8 Ann. c. XIII. § 30. 12 Ann. c. IX. § 2. 8 Geo. i. c. XII. §1. 2 Geo. II. c. XXXV. had been suffered to drop; for, having never been called for, they had fallen into oblivion. The experi- chap. IX.} 1764. April. ment was again renewed; and a bounty of eight pounds per ton for seven years, then of six pounds for seven years, then of four pounds for as many more, was granted on hemp or undressed flax imported from America. Report of Privy Council, 7 March, 1764. Order in Council, 9 March. Geo. III. c. XXVI. § 1. Compare the regulations lately made, 53, 55. But as to manufactures, it was expected that no American would be so unreasonable or so rash as to engage in the establishment of linen manufactories there, even of the coarser kinds of linens; for in that case not prohibitory laws, but laws to which no American could form an objection, would effectually thwart all their endeavors, Regulations lately made, &c. 68, 69. as the exigencies of the state required that
March 14th (search for this): chapter 9
ent. At that time the merits of the question were opened at large. The opposition were publicly called upon to deny, if they thought it fitting, the right of the legislature to impose any tax, internal or external, on the colonies; and not a single person ventured to controvert that right. Upon a solemn question, asked in a full house, Cavendish, i. 494. there was not one negative. As we are stout, said Beckford, I hope we shall be merciful; and no other made a reply. On the fourteenth of March, Charles Jenkinson, Journal 8 of Commons, XXIX. 949, 978, 987, 1015, &c. from a committee, on which he had for his associates, Grenville and Lord North, reported a bill modifying and perpetuating the act of 1733, with some changes to the disadvantage of the colonies; an extension of the navigation acts, making England the storehouse of Asiatic as well — as of European sup chap. IX.} 1764. April. plies; a diminution of drawbacks on foreign articles exported to America; imposts in
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