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Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 9. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones), chapter 7.48 (search)
a strong writer. He died in London 27th of December, 1639, and by the King's order was most pompously interred in Westminster Abby. His second son, XI.--Sir Robert Spottiswoode, was Lord President of the College of Justice, and Secretary of Scot land in the time of Charles I, and the author of The Practicks of the laws of Scotland. I have already given Clarendon's estimate of this learned man. Douglas speaks of him as a man of extraordinary parts, learning and merit. Sir Robert was born 1596, and executed for adhering to the royal cause, January 17, 1646. In 1629 he married Bethia, eldest daughter of Sir Alexander Morrison, of Preston Grange, one of the Senators of the College of Justice. The mother of Lady Bethia Spottiswoode, Eleanor Maule, was, through her ancestors, the Maules, Lords Panmure and the Lindsays, Lords Crawford, twelfth in descent from King Robert the Bruce. The third son of Sir Robert Spottiswoode was XII.--Robert Spottiswoode, who, having studied medicine
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Arctic exploration. (search)
Sir Hugh Willoughby set out to find a northwest passage to India, but was driven back from Nova Zembla, and perished on the shore of Lapland. In 1576-78 Martin Frobisher made three voyages to find a northwest passage into the Pacific Ocean, and discovered the entrance to Hudson Bay. Between 1585 and 1587 John Davis discovered the strait that bears his name. The Dutch made strenuous efforts to discover a northeast passage. Willem Barentz (q. v.) made three voyages in that direction in 1594-96, and perished on his third voyage. Henry Hudson tried to round the north of Europe and Asia in 1607-08, but failed, and, pushing for the lower latitudes of the American coast, discovered the river that bears his name. While on an expedition to discover a northwest passage, he found Hudson Bay, and perished (1610) on its bosom. In 1616 Baffin explored the bay called by his name, and entered the mouth of Lancaster Sound. After that, for fifty years, no navigator went so far north in that dir
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Barentz, Willem, 1594- (search)
Barentz, Willem, 1594- Navigator; born in Holland; commanded exploring expeditions to Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen in 1594-97. His first expedition was an attempt to find a passage through the Arctic Ocean to China, in which he reached lat. 78° N. On his third and last expedition, in 1596-97, he reached lat. 80° 11′ N., and discovered Spitzbergen. He died near Nova Zembla, June 20, 1597. Captain Carlsen, after a lapse of 274 years, found Barentz's winter quarters undisturbed in 1871; and some of the navigator's journals were recovered in 1
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Northeastern passage to India. (search)
tz (q. v.), a pilot of Amsterdam, sailed (June, 1594), with four vessels furnished by the government and several cities of the Netherlands, for the Arctic seas. Barentz's vessel became separated from the rest. He reached and explored Nova Zembla. The vessels all returned before the winter. Linschooten had accompanied one of the ships, and remained firm in his belief in the feasibility of a northeast passage. Another expedition sent in the summer of 1595 was an utter failure. A third, in 1596, under Barentz and others, penetrated the polar waters beyond the eightieth parallel, and discovered and landed upon Spitzbergen. Two of the vessels rounded Nova Zembla, where they were ice-bound until the next year, their crews suffering terribly. Barentz died in his boat in June, 1597, just at the beginning of the polar summer. His companions escaped and returned. Nothing more was attempted in this direction until the Dutch sent Henry Hudson (q. v.), in 1609, to search for a northeast p
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
His description is as follows: If you insert two similar lenses (that is, both convex) in a tube, and place your eye at a convenient distance, you will see all terrestrial objects, inverted indeed, but magnified and very distinct, with a considerable extent of view. He afterward added two more glasses, which reversed the image and brought it to the natural position. Rheita was the first to employ the combination of three lenses, the terrestrial telescope. Suellius of Leyden, Descartes (1596 – 1650), and Leibnitz (1646 – 1716) stated the doctrine of refraction more or less fully; and Grimaldi, an Italian painter, demonstrated the ellipticity of the sun's image after refraction through a prism; Newton (1642 – 1727) determined that it was owing to the difference in the refrangibility of the respective portions of the rays. Newton supposed that refraction and dispersion were indissolubly united, but Dollond demonstrated that by using two different kinds of glass he could abolish <
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
s at F, Fig. 3425. It is said that half-notes were invented at Venice in the twelfth century, but the earliest authentic example of their introduction was in the Halberstadt organ, built about 1360. The invention of the pedal is claimed for Bernhard, a German organist to the doge of Venice, 1470-80. He probably made some improvement in that appendage, but it appears to have been in use nearly a century previous. The organ of Nuremberg had pipes from 16 to 32 feet long, A. D. 1468. In 1596, the organ of Breslau had most of the now known stops. It would seem that up to the fifteenth century organs were generally constructed by the monks, but about this period organ-builders by profession were to be found both in England and on the Continent. The earliest recorded in England was William Wotton, who, in 1587, agreed to make a pair of organs for Merton College, Oxford, for the sum of pound28. The German and Dutch builders appear to have taken the lead, and we find that, notw
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
he timber lieth, as it were, upon a ladder, which is brought by little and little to the saw with another vice. In 1575, a mill having a gang of saws, capable of sawing several boards at once, was in operation on the Danube, near Ratisbon. In 1596, the first, it is said, in Holland was erected at Saardam. In England, one erected in 153 by a Dutchman was abandoned on account of the opposition of the populace; and more than a century later (1767), when James Stansfield established a wind sawg and baking sugar was first practiced in Europe about 1420. Bartholomew was the first Englishman who described the method of crystallizing and purifying sugar. The plant was taken by the Portuguese to Madeira in 1420, and soon afterward, in 1596, to the Canaries, from whence it was taken to Brazil and to St. Domingo. Its culture thence gradually spread throughout the West Indies. Barbadoes was supplied from Brazil in 1641, and the culture was introduced into Louisiana by French refugees
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ctly to the piston or to a very short piston-rod, so as to save room in marine steam-engines. The width of the trunk must be sufficient to give room for the lateral motion of the connecting-rod. See trunk steam-engine. A double trunk goes completely through the cylinder, which has a stuffing-box at each end. 10. A chest covered with leather or its substitute, for conveyance of a traveler's clothes and toilet articles. The trunk-makers of France were incorporated into a company in 1596. Roulstone's trunk. Fig. 6689 shows a trunk with angle-pieces to strengthen the corners; guards to project from the corners of the body when shut. The corner longitudinal strips are bent at right angles at their ends, to lap over the vertical and transverse corner strips. The lower corner guards have projections for attachment and protection of the casters. The hinges are bent to lap around the ends of the trunk. A spring-catch holds the lid-case into the lid. Burnett's trunk
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 4, Chapter 51: reconstruction under Johnson's policy.—the fourteenth amendment to the constitution.—defeat of equal suffrage for the District of Columbia, and for Colorado, Nebraska, and Tennessee.—fundamental conditions.— proposed trial of Jefferson Davis.—the neutrality acts. —Stockton's claim as a senator.—tributes to public men. —consolidation of the statutes.—excessive labor.— address on Johnson's Policy.—his mother's death.—his marriage.—1865-1866. (search)
struction the absolute equality, as well in political as in civil rights, of the enfranchised blacks with all other citizens, to be maintained by the United States (through Congress) under its constitutional duty to guarantee to every State a republican form of government. Sumner wrote to Lieber, December 3, 1865:— I was sorry to miss you, as I wished much to confer with you quietly on history and philosophy. Of course, Holland was called a republic. Bodin, A French writer, 1530-1596. whom I have just read, calls the government of Nimrod a republic. I have been through everything on this question, and see my way clearly—never before more clearly. The debate which approaches on the meaning of a republican government will be the greatest in our history. I shall launch it to-morrow. On my arrival last evening I went at once to the President, with whom I was two and one-half hours. He began the interview warmly and antagonistically; but at the close thanked me for my
James Russell Lowell, Among my books, Dante. (search)
teenth, at least eighty. The first translation was into Spanish, in 1428. St. Rene Taillandier, in Revue des Deux Mondes, December 1, 1856. M. St. Rene Taillandier says that the Commedia was condemned by the inquisition in Spain; but this seems too general a statement, for, according to Foscolo, Dante, Vol. IV. p. 116. it was the commentary of Landino and Vellutello, and a few verses in the Inferno and Paradiso, which were condemned. The first French translation was that of Grangier, 1596, but the study of Dante struck no root there till the present century. Rivarol, who translated the Inferno in 1783, was the first Frenchman who divined the wonderful force and vitality of the Commedia. Ste. Beuve, Causeries du Lundi, Tome XI. p. 169. The expressions of Voltaire represent very well the average opinion of cultivated persons in respect of Dante in the middle of the eighteenth century. He says: The Italians call him divine; but it is a hidden divinity; few people understand
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