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North (search for this): chapter 7
om the United States mails in all the slave States, illegal as such a proceeding was. There was, however, opposition nearer home. The Liberator establishment was wrecked by a mob, and Garrison, after having been stripped of nearly all his clothing, was dragged, bareheaded, by a rope round his body through the streets of Boston until, to save his life, the authorities thrust him into jail. No man in this country was so cordially hated by the slaveholders as Garrison. Of the big men up North--the leaders of politics and society-they had no apprehension. They knew how to manage them. It was the little fellows like the editor of the Liberator that gave them trouble. These men had no money, but they could not be bought. They had no fear of mobs. They cared nothing for the scoldings of the church and the press. An adverse public sentiment never disturbed their equanimity or caused them to turn a hair's breadth in their course. It is true that Lundy and Garrison had very lit
Horace Greeley (search for this): chapter 7
et things, including wind-mills and obnoxious dynasties, has long been looked upon as the world's best specimen of a fanatic, he would ordinarily be set down as a very Solomon beside the man who would undertake single-handed to overthrow such an institution as American slavery used to be. Such a man there was, however. He really entered on the job of abolishing that institution, and without a solitary assistant. Strange to say, he was neither a giant nor a millionaire. According to Horace Greeley, Benjamin Lundy deserves the high honor of ranking as the pioneer of direct and distinctive Anti-Slaveryism in America. He was slight in frame and below the medium height, and unassuming in manner. He had, it is said, neither eloquence nor shining ability of any sort. At nineteen years of age he went to Wheeling, Virginia, to learn the trade of a saddler. He learned more than that. Wheeling, as he tells us, was then a great thoroughfare for the traffickers in human flesh. Their
Arthur Tappan (search for this): chapter 7
ey decided to continue the Baltimore newspaper. Garrison's plain-spokenness, however, soon got him into trouble in that city. He was prosecuted for libelling a shipmaster for transporting slaves, was convicted and fined fifty dollars. The amount, so far as his ability to pay was involved, might as well have been a million. He went to prison, being incarcerated in a cell just vacated by a man who had been hanged for murder, and there he remained for seven weeks. At the end of that time Arthur Tappan, the big-hearted merchant of New York, learning the facts of the case, advanced the money needed to set Garrison free. Undeterred by his experience as a martyr, Garrison — who had returned to Boston-resolved to establish a journal of his own in that city, which was to be devoted to the cause of the slave. The Liberator appeared on the 1st of January, 1831. In entering upon this venture, Garrison had not a subscriber nor a dollar of money. Being a printer, he set up the type and
William Lloyd Garrison (search for this): chapter 7
be models of perfect eloquence. Lundy and Garrison met by accident. They were boarding at the s mind was full of the subject of slavery, and Garrison's proved to be receptive soil. They decided decided to continue the Baltimore newspaper. Garrison's plain-spokenness, however, soon got him int Undeterred by his experience as a martyr, Garrison — who had returned to Boston-resolved to estauary, 1831. In entering upon this venture, Garrison had not a subscriber nor a dollar of money. its continuance involved a terrible strain. Garrison and one co-worker occupied one room for work-t farther than that. Less than a year after Garrison had established his paper, the Legislature ofrator establishment was wrecked by a mob, and Garrison, after having been stripped of nearly all hiswas so cordially hated by the slaveholders as Garrison. Of the big men up North--the leaders of polus, although not more zealous, than Lundy and Garrison and a good many of their followers, Birney ea[5 more...]
James Gillespie Birney (search for this): chapter 7
other early Abolitionist, who, in some respects, is entitled to more consideration than any of his co-workers. James Gillespie Birney was a Southerner by birth. He belonged to a family of financial and social prominence. He was a gentleman of edd means when a young man of commanding presence and strength, who happened to be present, announced that while he lived Mr. Birney would not be molested. His opposition broke up the plot. That young man became a leading clergyman and was subsequently for a time Chaplain of the United States Senate. Birney went with his belongings to Ohio, thinking that upon the soil of a free State he would be safe from molestation. He established a newspaper in Cincinnati to advocate emancipation. A mob with his life. More sagacious, although not more zealous, than Lundy and Garrison and a good many of their followers, Birney early saw the necessity of political action in the interest of freedom. He was the real founder of the old Liberty party
James Freeman Clarke (search for this): chapter 7
ble ray, but he kept it burning, and it possessed the almost invaluable property of being able to transmit its flame to other torches. It kindled the brand that was wielded by William Lloyd Garrison, and which possessed a wonderful power of illumination. Garrison was beyond all question a remarkable man. In the qualities that endow a successful leader in a desperate cause he has never been surpassed. He had an iron will that was directed by an inflexible conscience. To him, says James Freeman Clarke, right was right, and wrong was wrong, and he saw no half lights or half shadows between them. He was a natural orator. I never heard him talk, either on or off the platform, but I have heard those who had listened to him, speak of the singular gift he possessed in stating or combating a proposition. One person who had heard him, often compared him, when dealing with an adversary, to a butcher engaged in dissecting a carcass, and who knew just where to strike every time,--a homely
Ellis Gray Lowell (search for this): chapter 7
justice. I am in earnest. I will not excuse; I will not retreat a single inch; and I will be heard. The first issue of the paper brought in a contribution of fifty dollars from a colored man and twenty-five subscribers. It was not, therefore, a failure, but its continuance involved a terrible strain. Garrison and one co-worker occupied one room for work-shop, dining-room, and bedroom. They cooked their own meals and slept upon the floor. It was almost literally true, as pictured by Lowell, the poet: In a small chamber, friendless and unseen, Toiled o'er his types one poor unlearned young man. The place was dark, unfurnitured and mean, Yet there the freedom of a race began. The effects produced by Garrison's unique production were simply wonderful. In October of its first year the Vigilance Association of South Carolina offered a reward of fifteen hundred dollars for the apprehension and prosecution to conviction of any white person who might be detected in distributing o
1844 AD (search for this): chapter 7
ate. Birney went with his belongings to Ohio, thinking that upon the soil of a free State he would be safe from molestation. He established a newspaper in Cincinnati to advocate emancipation. A mob promptly destroyed his press and other property, and it was with difficulty that he escaped with his life. More sagacious, although not more zealous, than Lundy and Garrison and a good many of their followers, Birney early saw the necessity of political action in the interest of freedom. He was the real founder of the old Liberty party, of which he was the presidential candidate in 1840 and in 1844. Of course, there were other early laborers for emancipation that, in this connection, ought to be mentioned and remembered. They were pioneers in the truest sense. The writer would gladly make a record of their services, and pay a tribute, especially, to the memories of such as have gone to the spirit land, where the great majority are now mustered, but space at this point forbids.
January 1st, 1831 AD (search for this): chapter 7
erated in a cell just vacated by a man who had been hanged for murder, and there he remained for seven weeks. At the end of that time Arthur Tappan, the big-hearted merchant of New York, learning the facts of the case, advanced the money needed to set Garrison free. Undeterred by his experience as a martyr, Garrison — who had returned to Boston-resolved to establish a journal of his own in that city, which was to be devoted to the cause of the slave. The Liberator appeared on the 1st of January, 1831. In entering upon this venture, Garrison had not a subscriber nor a dollar of money. Being a printer, he set up the type and struck off the first issue with his own hands. In the initial number the proprietor of the Liberator outlined his proposed policy in these words: I will be as harsh as truth; as uncompromising as justice. I am in earnest. I will not excuse; I will not retreat a single inch; and I will be heard. The first issue of the paper brought in a contribution o
October (search for this): chapter 7
involved a terrible strain. Garrison and one co-worker occupied one room for work-shop, dining-room, and bedroom. They cooked their own meals and slept upon the floor. It was almost literally true, as pictured by Lowell, the poet: In a small chamber, friendless and unseen, Toiled o'er his types one poor unlearned young man. The place was dark, unfurnitured and mean, Yet there the freedom of a race began. The effects produced by Garrison's unique production were simply wonderful. In October of its first year the Vigilance Association of South Carolina offered a reward of fifteen hundred dollars for the apprehension and prosecution to conviction of any white person who might be detected in distributing or circulating the Liberator. Georgia went farther than that. Less than a year after Garrison had established his paper, the Legislature of that State passed an act offering a reward of five thousand dollars to whomsoever should arrest, bring to trial, and prosecute its publish
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