A.see (so in pres. and aor. 1 Med., to be seen, i.e. seem): but pf. οἶδα , in pres. sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, cf. (ϝ）είδομαι, （ϝ）εῖδος, Lat. videre; with (ϝ）οῖδα, cf. Skt. véda, Goth. wait, OE. wát 'know'.)
A. aor. 2 εἶδον (late “εἶδα” Orph.A.118), serving as aor. to ὁράω, Ep. ἴδον, iter. “ἴδεσκε” Il.3.217, late Aeol. “εὔιδον” Epigr.Gr.990.11 (Balbilla); imper. ἴδε (in Att. written as Adv. ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετε; subj. ἴδω, Ep. “ἴδωμι” Il.18.63; opt. ἴδοιμι; inf. ἰδεῖν, Ep. ἰδέειν; part. ἰδών: hence, fut. “ἰδησῶ” Theoc.3.37:—Med., aor. 2 εἰδόμην, Ep. ἰδόμην, in same sense, poet., Ion., and later Prose (c. gen., Arat.430) (so in compds., even in Att. Prose, v. ἐπ-, προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην); imper. ἰδοῦ (freq. written as Adv. ἰδού, = ἰδέ); subj. ἴδωμαι; opt. ἰδοίμην; inf. ἰδέσθαι; part. “ἰδόμενος” Hdt.1.88, al.:
1. see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, Il.1.587, etc.; “ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν” E.Or.1020; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, Od.6.126, cf. 21.159; mark, observe, Il.4.476, Od.4.412, etc.: folld. by relat. clause, “ἴδωμ᾽ ὅτιν᾽ ἔργα τέτυκται” Il.22.450; “ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε θᾶσσον ἰδώμεθα ὅττι τάδ᾽ ἐστίν” Od.10.44: freq. in inf. after Subst. or Adj., θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, Il.5.725; “οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν” A.Pr.240; “ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν” Pl.R.620a.
b. see a person, i.e. meet him, speak with him, Th.4.125, X.An.2.4.15, etc.
c. see, i.e. experience, “νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι” Od.3.233, etc.; “δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν” E.Hec.56; “ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν” S.Tr.835; “τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν” Id.Ant.1270 (lyr.); ἀλόχου κουριδίης . . οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, Il.11.243.
2. look, ἰδεῖν ἐς . . look at or towards, 2.271, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐπί . . 23.143; πρός . . Od.12.244; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, Il.9.373, etc.; “κατ᾽ ἐνῶπα ἰδών” 15.320; ἄντα, ἐσάντα, or ἄντην ἰδεῖν, 13.184, 17.334, Od.5.78, etc.: qualified by Adv. or Adj., ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, Il.1.148, al.; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, 2.269; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, A.Eu. 541 (lyr.).
3. see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν 'to see in his mind's eye', Il.21.61, cf. 4.249; “ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ” Pl.R.511a.
II. Med., pres. εἴδομαι , Ep. “ἐείδεται” Theoc.25.58, part. “ἐειδόμενος” Pi.N..10.15: aor. εἰσάμην, Ep. part. “ἐεισάμενος” Il. 2.22, al.:—only Ep.and Lyr., to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear, 8.559; “εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι” 13.98; “εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός” 24.319; “ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον” Epigr.Gr.1034.19 (Callipolis), cf. Od.5.283; perh. also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, Il.13.191.
2. c. inf., appear or seem to be, “τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι” 1.228; “τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι” Od.9.11, etc.: with inf. omitted, “οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ” 19.283, etc.; “οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται” Il.14.472, cf. Theoc. 25.58; also, look like or make a show of . . , εἴσατ᾽ ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, Od.8.283; εἴσατο δ᾽ ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, 5.281.
3. strictly middle, c. dat., εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, Il.2.791, cf. 20.81; “αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι” Rhian.50: esp. in part., like, “εἰδομένη κήρυκι” Il.2.280, etc.; “τῷ δ᾽ ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος” Pi.N.10.15; “εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν” A.Ag.771 (lyr.); “φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι” Hdt.6.69.
B. pf., οἶδα I see with the mind's eye, i.e. I know, used as pres.: plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as impf.:—pf. οἶδα, Aeol. “ὄϊδα” Alc. 145; 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc.456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc.780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sts. “οἶσθας” Cratin.105, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, Ep., Aeol., and Dor. ἴδμεν, also Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ι^ς- Od.2.211, al., but ι_ς- ib.283, al.]; “οἴδαμεν” Hdt.2.17, “οἴδατε” AP12.81 (Mel.), “οἴδα_σι” Hdt.2.43, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual, “οἴδατον” Socr.Ep.22.1: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, Boeot. ἴττω, late “ἰδέτω” Phalar.Ep.122 codd.: from 3pl. ἴσασι （“ἴσαντι” Epich. 53) were formed Dor. 1sg. “ἴσα_μι” Epich.254, Pi.P.4.248; 3sg. “ἴσατι” IG14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1pl. “ἴσα^μεν” Pi.N.7.14, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. 3pl. subj. “ἴθθαντι” GDI5024; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part. “ἴσας” A.D.Adv.175.19, dat. sg. “ἴσαντι” Pi.P.3.29, Cret. pl. “ἴθθαντες” GDI5024: subj. εἰδῶ （εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), Ion. 3pl. “εἰδέωσι” SIG45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also “εἴδω” Od.1.174, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131), “εἴδομεν” Il.1.363, “εἴδετε” Od.9.17: opt. εἰδείην, 1pl. “εἰδεῖμεν” Pl.La.190b, R.582a: inf. εἰδέναι, Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also “ἰδέμεν” Pi.N.7.25: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean “ϝειζώς” Schwyzer 409:—plpf. “ᾔδεα” Il.14.71, Hdt.2.150, contr. “ᾔδη” S.Ant.18, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp.119a, “ᾔδησθα” Od.19.93, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec.551, E.Cyc.108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε（ν) Il.17.402, al., “ᾔδη” 1.70, al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), Att. contr. ᾔδει（ν) E.Ion1187, Ar.V.558, etc.; Ep. 2 and 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. -εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; Att. also 1sg. “ᾔδειν” D.37.24, 2sg. “ᾔδεις” Ar.Th.554, etc.; pl., “ᾔδειμεν” Aeschin.3.82, Arist.APo.87b40, “ᾔδεμεν” Men.14D. (to be read in S.OT1232), “ᾔδειτε” D.55.9, etc. (ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), Ion. “ᾐδέατε” Hdt.9.58 (συν-）“, ᾔδεισαν” LXX Ge.42.23, Str.15.3.23, “ᾔδεσαν” Hdt.7.175, Thgn.54, etc.; late Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr.340, E. Cyc.231, etc.; Ep. 3pl. “ἴσαν” Il.18.405, Od.4.772:—fut., in this sense, “εἴσομαι” Il.1.548, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach.332, etc.; also “εἰδήσω” Od.7.327, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top.108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf. “εἰδησέμεν” Od.6.257.—The aor. and pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.）22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper. “εἴδησον” PCair.Zen.36.2 (iii B.C.); 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No.190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, “ὃς ᾔδη τά τ᾽ ἐόντα τά τ᾽ ἐσσόμενα πρό τ᾽ ἐόντα” Il.1.70; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., “τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα” Od.4.551, cf. Pl.R.365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.; “παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν” Th.1.4: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ᾽ ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med.593; “σάφ᾽ οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ” A.Supp.740, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73; “φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν” Od.3.277; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen., “ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων” Il. 12.229; “ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης” 15.412; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718; “αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ.” 15.525; “οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς” Od.1.202; “ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων” 5.250; “μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης” Il.2.823; “κύνε εἰδότε θήρης” 10.360; “παῖδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐόντ᾽ οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς” 11.710; “εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης” 23.665; “θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς” 6.438; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329; “ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα” 15.36, etc.; Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach.860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, “ἰδυίῃ πάντ᾽ ἀγορεύω” Il.1.365; “μετ᾽ εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν” 10.250; “μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν” Th.2.36, cf. 3.53; “μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος” Pl.R.337d, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.
2. c. inf., know how to do, “οἶδ᾽ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν” 7.238, cf. S.Ph.1010, Ar.V.376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med.664, D.4.40; of drugs, “ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε” Alex. Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, “ἵν᾽ εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι” E.Hipp.729.
3. c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag.1670; “ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών” Hdt.4.76; “οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος” E.Hec.397: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, “τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς” A.Ch.234; “τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα” Th.1.69: with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.
4. less freq.c.acc. et inf., “πλήθους . . ἂν σάφ᾽ ἴσθ᾽ ἕκατι βάρ-βαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι” A.Pers.337, cf. S.Ph.1329; “εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον . . ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι” X.Cyr.8.3.44; also “εὖ τόδ᾽ ἴσθι, μηδάμ᾽ ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν” A.Pers.431; “ἕν γ᾽ ἀκούσασ᾽ ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ᾽ ἐρεῖν” E.IA1005.
5. c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., “οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ” S.El.332; “ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι” Pl.Prt. 323b, etc.
6. οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἰ . . I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed, “οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε” E. Alc.48, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.
7. in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R.40cb; “οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὁπόθεν” Id.Cra.396d.
8. οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, “οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ” E.Med.948; σάφ᾽ οἶδα ib.94,963; also οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, οἶσθ᾽ ὅτι, ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι, πάρειμι δ᾽ ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ᾽ ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.; “σάφ᾽ ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι” Ar.Pl.889:—οἶσθ᾽ ὅ, οἶσθ᾽ ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq.1158, cf. Pax1051, etc.; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησον; S.OT543; also οἶσθ᾽ . . ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT1203: rarely with the fut., οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc.131, cf. Med.600 codd.
