Presidential administrations.
The
Presidents and leading cabinet officers, with the political complexion of both the executive and legislative departments of the national government, have been as follows:
1789-93:
Washington;
Adams,
Vice-President, Federalist;
Jefferson, State;
Hamilton, Treasury;
Knox, War;
Edmund Randolph, Attorney-General. Congress, Federalist;
Muhlenberg and
Trumbull speakers.
1793-97:
Washington and
Adams again;
Jefferson, then
Randolph, State;
Hamilton, then
Wolcott, Treasury; other minor changes.
Congress, 1793-95, Republican House;
Muhlenberg, speaker; 1795-97,
Dayton, speaker.
1797-1801:
Adams, Federalist;
Jefferson,
Vice-President, Republican;
Pickering, State;
Wolcott, Treasury.
Congress, Federalist;
Dayton and
Sedgwick, speakers.
1801-5:
Jefferson;
Burr, Vice-Presi- dent, Republican;
Madison, State;
Gallatin, Treasury.
Congress, Republican;
Macon, speaker.
1805-9:
Jefferson;
George Clinton,
Vice-President, Republican;
Madison, State;
Gallatin, Treasury.
Congress, Republican;
Macon and
Varnum, speakers.
1809-3;
Madison;
Clinton,
Vice-President, Republican;
Robert Smith, later
Monroe, State;
Gallatin, Treasury.
Congress, Republican;
Varnum and
Clay, speakers.
1813-17:
Madison;
Gerry,
Vice-President, Republican;
Monroe, State,
Gallatin, at first, Treasury.
Congress, Republican;
Clay, speaker.
1817-21:
Monroe;
Tompkins,
Vice-President, Republican;
J. Q. Adams, State;
Crawford, Treasury;
Calhoun (and others), War, Congress, Republican,
Clay, speaker.
1821-25:
Monroe;
Tompkins,
Vice-President;
J. Q. Adams, State;
Crawford, Treasury;
Calhoun, War. Congress, Republican;
P. P. Barbour and
Clay, speakers.
1825-29:
J. Q. Adams, National Republican;
Calhoun,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Clay, State. Congress, 1825-27, National Republican;
J. W. Taylor, speaker; 1827-29, Democratic;
Stevenson, speaker.
1829-33:
Jackson,
Calhoun,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Van Buren, later
Livingston, State. Congress, 1829-31, Democratic;
Stevenson, speaker; 1831-33, Senate opposition, House Democratic;
Stevenson, speaker.
1833-37;
Jackson;
Van Buren,
Vice-President, Democrat;
McLane, later
Forsyth, State;
Duane,
Taney,
Woodbury, Treasury.
Congress, 1833-35, Senate opposition, House Democratic;
Stevenson, speaker; 1835-37, Senate opposition, then Democratic, House Democratic;
Polk, speaker.
1837-41:
Van Buren;
R. M. Johnson,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Forsyth, State;
Woodbury, Treasury.
Congress, Democratic;
Polk and
Hunter, speakers.
1841-45:
W. H. Harrison;
Tyler,
Vice-President (succeeded as
President April 4, 1841), Whig;
Webster, afterwards
Legare,
Upshur,
Calhoun, State; numerous changes in the other departments.
Congress, 1841-43, Whig;
White,
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speaker; 1843-45, Senate Whig, House Democratic;
J. W. Jones, speaker.
1845-49;
Polk;
Dallas,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Buchanan, State;
Walker, Treasury;
Marcy, War;
Bancroft, at first, Navy.
Congress, 1845-47, Democratic;
J. W. Davis, speaker; 1847-49, Senate Democratic, House Whig;
R. C. Winthrop, speaker.
1849-53:
Taylor;
Fillmore,
Vice-President (succeeded as
President July 9, 1850), Whig;
Clayton,
Webster,
Everett, State; numerous changes in other departments.
Congress, Democratic;
Cobb and
Boyd, speakers.
1853-57:
Pierce;
King,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Marcy, State;
Davis, War. Congress, 1853-55, Democratic;
Boyd, speaker; 1855-57, Senate Democratic, House Anti-
Nebraska;
Banks, speaker.
1857-61:
Buchanan;
Breckinridge,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Cass, State;
Cobb, Treasury;
Floyd, War; various changes in the cabinet in 1860 and 1861.
Congress, 1857-59, Democratic;
Orr, speaker; 1859-61, Senate Democratic,
House, Republican;
Pennington, speaker.
1861—65:
Lincoln;
Hamlin,
Vice-President, Republican;
Seward, State;
Chase, later
Fessenden, Treasury;
Cameron, later
Stanton, War;
Welles, Navy.
Congress, Republican; Grow, speaker, 1861-63;
Colfax, 1863-65.
1865-69:
Lincoln;
Johnson,
Vice-President (succeeded as
President April 15, 1865), Republican;
Seward, State;
McCulloch, Treasury;
Stanton, until 1867, War. Congress, Republican;
Colfax, speaker.
1869-73:
Grant;
Colfax,
Vice-President, Republican;
Fish, State;
Boutwell, Treasury.
Congress, Republican;
Blaine, speaker.
1873-77:
Grant;
Wilson,
Vice-President, Republican;
Fish, State;
Bristow and others, Treasury.
Congress, 1873-75, Republican;
Blaine, speaker; 1875-77, Senate Republican, House Democratic;
Kerr, later
Randall, speaker.
1877-81:
Hayes;
Wheeler,
Vice-President, Republican;
Evarts, State;
Sherman, Treasury.
Congress, House Democratic;
Randall, speaker; Senate, 1877-79, Republican; 1879-81, Democratic.
1881-85;
Garfield;
Arthur, Vice-Presi- dent (succeeded as
President Sept. 19, 1881), Republican;
Blaine, later
Frelinghuysen, State;
Windom and others, Treasury;
Lincoln, War. Congress, 1881-83, Senate tie, House Republican;
Keifer, speaker; 1883-85, Senate Republican, House Democratic;
Carlisle, speaker.
1885-89:
Cleveland;
Hendricks,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Bayard, State;
Manning,
Fairchild, Treasury;
Whitney, Navy.
Congress, Senate Republican, House Democratic;
Carlisle, speaker.
1889-93:
Harrison;
Morton,
Vice-President, Republican;
Blaine, State;
Windom, at first, Treasury;
Tracy, Navy.
Congress, Senate Republican,
House, 1889-91, Republican;
Reed, speaker; 1891-93, Democratic;
Crisp, speaker.
1893-97:
Cleveland;
Stevenson,
Vice-President, Democrat;
Gresham, then
Olney, State;
Carlisle, Treasury;
Lamont, War;
Olney, then
Harmon,
Attorney-General;
Bissell, then
Wilson,
Postmaster-General;
Herbert, Navy;
Smith, Interior;
Morton, Agriculture.
Congress, Democratic;
Crisp, speaker; 1895.
House Republican;
Reed, speaker.
1897-1901:
McKinley;
Hobart,
Vice-President, Republican (died Nov. 2, 1899);
Sherman, Day, and
Hay, State;
Gage, Treasury;
Alger and
Root, War;
McKenna,
Griggs, and
Knox,
Attorney-General;
Gary and
Smith,
Postmaster-General; Long, Navy;
Bliss and
Hitchcock, Interior;
Wilson, Agriculture.
Congress, Republican;
Reed and
Henderson, speakers.
1901-1905:
McKinley;
Roosevelt,
Vice-President (succeeded as
President Sept. 14, 1901), Republican;
Hay, State;
Gage, Treasury;
Root, War;
Knox,
Attorney-General;
Smith,
Postmaster-General; Long, Navy;
Hitchcock, Interior;
Wilson, Agriculture.
Congress, Republican.